Imaging the Breakdown of Molecular-Frame Dynamics through Rotational Uncoupling

We demonstrate the breakdown of molecular-frame dynamics induced by the uncoupling of molecular rotation from electronic motion in molecular Rydberg states. We observe this non-Born-Oppenheimer regime in the time domain through photoelectron imaging of a coherent molecular Rydberg wave packet in $\textrm{N}_2$. The photoelectron angular distribution shows a radically different time evolution than that of a typical molecular-frame-fixed electron orbital, revealing the uncoupled motion of the electron as it precesses around the $averaged$ anisotropic potential of the rotating ion-core.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Not what, but who: Controlled choice in gifted education programs in the United States

Gifted education’s most pressing problem, according to its critics, is a lack of racial, cultural, and socioeconomic diversity. This lack of diversity can be attributed to the fractured nature of gifted education’s historical development, and the also fractured development of its very independent and numerous stakeholders. By the 20th century, these factors caused an overreaching regulatory structure to be practically infeasible. This policy proposal attempts to push back against historical precedent and begin a process of implementing overarching guidelines for gifted education programs in the United States based on a Controlled Choice model of admissions for gifted and talented pro-grams that receive federal funding. The new federal Special Task Force on Equity in Excellence will be tasked with enforcing and overseeing this policy change

Wenn Milchkühe ihre Kälber säugen - freier vs. Halbtagskontakt

The influence of three calf rearing systems on milk yield, milk composition, udder 18:00, n=11) and no damtheir dam after birth. In the 10th week of life contact dams and calves were physicallyseparated and had only visual contact. They were trained to drink from nipple buckets. In the 11th week of life thcontact. All calves were gradually weaned from milk until the 13th- cows and those gave less milk than-indicating disturbed milk ejection. Udder health was not affected. Nursed calves grew ut after separation there was a growth check. However, two weeks after weaning live weights of dam reared calves were still significantly higher Hence, our results suggest that half-day mother-calfcontact helps to decrease milk losses while calf development is still improved

Agitation behaviour and heart rate of dairy cows with and without calf-contact during different stimuli in the parlour

Farmers who are interested to rear calves together with the dairy cows during the first weeks of life are confronted with problems of poor milk let-down during machine milking. Therefore it was investigated whether 3 calf-associated stimuli were capable to enhance milkability of the cows. In this contribution, the effect of the stimulations during milking on heart rate (HR) and agitation (rumination, posture of the head and behaviour during udder preparation)are presented. Olfactory (calf hair), tactile (teat massage) and acoustic(recorded calf calls)stimulation were tested on 15 dairy cows with permanent contact to their calves and 22 control cows. All cows were milked twice daily. Stimulation tests were conducted in 3 consecutive weeks during day 25–51 of lactation, each stimulus tested in 4 milkings versus 4 routine milkings. As HR was only measured at morning milkings there were only 2 repetitions per stimulus. Mixed models with the fixed factors stimulation (vs. routine milking), calf-contact, breed (German Red Pied vs. German Holstein) and parity (primiparous vs. pluriparous) and the random factor animal were applied for each parameter. Rumination and posture of the head were not influenced by any factor. Agitation behaviour and HR in the parlour were not affected by calf-contact. This questions stress as elicitor of problems with milk ejection. Tactile stimulation had an increasing, acoustic stimulation a decreasing effect on HR. German Red Pied showed more agitation behaviour during udder preparation and a higher HR in this phase compared to the German Holsteins. This could be due to differences in temperament or sensitivity to touching. According to expectations, primiparous cows showed more agitation during udder preparation than pluriparous, but this was not accompanied by an HR increase. The results did not indicate higher stress reactions in the parlour of dairy cows with calf contact. Acoustic stimulation led to a lower HR independent from calf-contact compared with HR at routine milking

Milchleistung, Milchfluss und Milchinhaltsstoffe von Kühen mit und ohne Kalbkontakt in Abhängigkeit von verschiedenen Stimulationsverfahren beim Melken

Farmers who are interested to rear calves together with the dairy cows during the first weeks of life are confronted with problems of poor milk let-down during machine milking. This study investigates the influence of three calf-associated stimuli during milking on milk yield, milk content and milk flow characteristics: olfactory (calf hair), tactile (teat massage) and acoustic (recorded calf calls) stimulation including 14 dairy cows with permanent contact to their calves (group KM) and 22 control cows (group M). All cows were milked twice daily. Stimulation tests were conducted in three consecutive weeks during day 25-51 of lactation, each stimulus tested in four milkings versus four milkings without stimulation. Mixed models with the fixed factors stimulation (vs. no stimulation), group, time of day, interaction stimulation*group and the random factor cows were applied for each stimulus. Stimulations had only minor effects on the measured parameters and did thus not improve the existing milkability of the dairy cows with and without calf contact. Differences between the groups were significant. KM-cows had a decreased milk yield of ca. 10 kg per milking and reduced fat content of about 1%. Also milk flow was lower than in M-cows. Further research on how to improve milk let-down of cows with calf contact should pay attention to the duration of pre-stimulation and the length of daily calf contact

Leiden behornte Milchkühe weniger unter leichtem bis moderatem Hitzestress als enthornte?

Es wird vermutetet, dass Hörner bei der Thermoregulation von Rindern eine Rolle spielen könnten. Deshalb wurde die Atemfrequenz, als Indikator für Hitzestress, von behornten und enthornten Europäischen Milchkühen, die gemeinsam in einer Herde im Stall gehalten wurden, erfasst. Die Gruppenzusammensetzung (N=7) war bezüglich Laktationsstand (35-354 d), Milchleistung (5,6-36,6 kg/d) und Fellfarbe balanciert. Die Atemfrequenz jedes Tieres wurde an fünf aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen durch eine Person erfasst. Der Temperature Humidity Index (THI) wurde alle 10 min. im Stall gemessen. Zur Datenanalyse wurde ein gemischtes Modell verwendet (zufälliger Faktor: Tier, fixe Faktoren: Hornstatus, THI). Der THI lag zwischen 71,9-81,5 (Mittel=75,9). Mit steigendem THI, stieg auch die Atemfrequenz an (Modellschätzwert=0,9, P=0,0341). Die Atemfrequenz lag zwischen 29,6-78,5 (Mittel=55,0). Der Hornstatus hatte keinen Einfluss auf die Atemfrequenz (P=0,5294). Im Stall hatte die Behornung keinen abschwächenden Effekt auf leichten bis moderaten Hitzestress

Simultaneous neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin for locally advanced rectal cancer: Treatment outcome outside clinical trials

Background: Phase II trials of neoadjuvant treatment in UICC-TNM stageII and III rectal cancer with capecitabine and oxaliplatin demonstrated favourable rates on tumour regression with acceptable toxicity. Patients and methods: Retrospective evaluation of 34 patients treated from 2005-2008 outside clinical trials (CTR) with neoadjuvant irradiation (45-50.4Gy) and simultaneous capecitabine 825mg/m2 b.i.d. on days 1-14 and 22-35 and oxaliplatin 50mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22 and 29 (CAPOX). Twenty-six (77%) patients received one or two courses of capecitabine 1,000mg/m2 b.i.d. on days 1-14 and oxaliplatin 130mg/m2 on day 1 (XELOX) prior to simultaneous chemoradiotherapy. Results: UICC-TNM stage regression was observed in 60% (n = 20). Dworak's regression grades 3 and 4 were achieved in 18.2% (n = 6) and 15.1% (n = 5) of the patients. Sphincter-preserving surgery was performed in 53% (n = 8) of patients with a tumour of the lower rectum. Within the mean observation of 24 months, none of the patients relapsed locally, 1patient had progressive disease and 5patients (15%) relapsed distantly. Toxicity of grade 3 and 4 was mainly diarrhoea 18% (n = 6) and perianal pain 9% (n = 3). Nevertheless, severe cardiac events (n = 2), severe electrolyte disturbances (n = 2), and syncopes (n = 2) were observed as well. Conclusion: Treatment efficacy and common toxicity are similar to the reports of phaseI/II trials. However, several severe adverse events were observed in our cohort study. The predisposing factors for these events have yet to be studied and may have implications for the selection of patients outside CT