Modeling and analysis methodology for aeroelastically tailored chordwise deformable wings

Structural concepts have been created which produce chordwise camber deformation that results in enhanced lift. A wing box can be tailored to utilize each of these with composites. In attempting to optimize the aerodynamic benefits, we have found there are two optimal designs that are of interest. There is a weight optimum which corresponds to the maximum lift per unit structural weight. There is also a lift optimum that corresponds to maximum absolute lift. New structural models, the basic deformation mechanisms that are utilized and typical analytical results are presented. It appears that lift enhancements of sufficient magnitude can be produced to render this type of wing tailoring of practical interest. Experiments and finite element correlations are performed which confirm the validity of the theoretical models utilized

Mitochondrial proteomics: analysis of a whole mitochondrial extract with two-dimensional electrophoresis

Mitochondria are complex organelles, and their proteomics analysis requires a combination of techniques. The emphasis in this chapter is made first on mitochondria preparation from cultured mammalian cells, then on the separation of the mitochondrial proteins with two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE), showing some adjustment over the classical techniques to improve resolution of the mitochondrial proteins. This covers both the protein solubilization, the electrophoretic part per se, and the protein detection on the gels, which makes the interface with the protein identification part relying on mass spectrometry

Alterations of the mitochondrial proteome caused by the absence of mitochondrial DNA: A proteomic view

The proper functioning of mitochondria requires that both the mitochondrial and the nuclear genome are functional. To investigate the importance of the mitochondrial genome, which encodes only 13 subunits of the respiratory complexes, the mitochondrial rRNAs and a few tRNAs, we performed a comparative study on the 143B cell line and on its Rho-0 counterpart, i.e., devoid of mitochondrial DNA. Quantitative differences were found, of course in the respiratory complexes subunits, but also in the mitochondrial translation apparatus, mainly mitochondrial ribosomal proteins, and in the ion and protein import system, i.e., including membrane proteins. Various mitochondrial metabolic processes were also altered, especially electron transfer proteins and some dehydrogenases, but quite often on a few proteins for each pathway. This study also showed variations in some hypothetical or poorly characterized proteins, suggesting a mitochondrial localization for these proteins. Examples include a stomatin-like protein and a protein sharing homologies with bacterial proteins implicated in tyrosine catabolism. Proteins involved in apoptosis control are also found modulated in Rho-0 mitochondria.Comment: website publisher: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com

El vínculo entre conductas prosociales (de donación) y la cohesión social

A controlled experiment establishes that differences in relational proximity can evoke or suppress a willingness to give to an unrelated cause. Four treatment groups underwent the same set of exercises but two in a closer relational environment and two in a more distant relational environment. Half of the subjects in each relational environment further received an unannounced doubling of pay. On exit, all participants had the option to give to charity. The experiment showed that the charitable giving was driven by relational factors, not by pay. We can learn that prosocial (pro-giving) inclinations interact with the wider social environment, and that these complex relational parameters may be evaluated by easy-to-measure giving patterns.Mediante un experimento controlado se establece que las diferencias en proximidad relacional puede evocar o suprimir una disposición a dar a una causa sin relación. Cuatro grupos de tratamiento se sometieron al mismo conjunto de ejercicios, pero dos en un ambiente relacional más cercano y dos en un entorno relacional más distante. La mitad de los sujetos en cada ambiente relacional recibió un doble pago sin previo aviso. De salida, todos los participantes tuvieron la opción de dar a la caridad. El experimento mostró que la donación caritativa estuvo guiada por factores relacionales y no por el pago. Podemos aprender que las inclinaciones pro-sociales (pro-donación) interactúan con el ambiente social más amplio, y que estos complejos parámetros relacionales pudieran ser evaluados por patrones de donaciones fáciles de medir

Power and limitations of electrophoretic separations in proteomics strategies

Proteomics can be defined as the large-scale analysis of proteins. Due to the complexity of biological systems, it is required to concatenate various separation techniques prior to mass spectrometry. These techniques, dealing with proteins or peptides, can rely on chromatography or electrophoresis. In this review, the electrophoretic techniques are under scrutiny. Their principles are recalled, and their applications for peptide and protein separations are presented and critically discussed. In addition, the features that are specific to gel electrophoresis and that interplay with mass spectrometry (i.e., protein detection after electrophoresis, and the process leading from a gel piece to a solution of peptides) are also discussed

Realitätskonstruktion in Online-Medien von Qualitätszeitungen

Diese wissenschaftliche Arbeit beleuchtet Realitätskonstruktion in Online-Medien von Qualitätszeitungen vor einem kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Hintergrund. Im Zentrum des Forschungsinteresses steht die Frage nach dem Beitrag zur subjektiven Realitätskonstruktion von abstrakten, politischen Begriffen den diese Online-Medien für ihre Rezipienten leisten. Die subjektive Erfahrbarkeit des Begriffes „Bulgarien“, die subjektive Verarbeitung von vermittelten Informations-Inhalten und die massenmediale Vermittelbarkeit sowie tatsächliche Vermittlung in hochkomplexen Kommunikations-Systemen werden an einigen der wichtigsten kommunikationswissenschaftlichen Theorien diskutiert, wie dem Agenda-Setting-Ansatz oder der Nachrichtenwert-Theorie. Am Beispiel der Berichterstattung vor dem Beginn der Beitrittsverhandlungen zur Europäischen Union wurden Online-Medien von Qualitätszeitungen aus Österreich, dem EU-Raum, aus dem sonstigen Europa und aus den USA innerhalb von ca. 2 Monaten täglich nach Stichworten-Varianten zu „Bulgarien“ abgefragt. Die aggregierten Daten wurden mit einer quantitativen Inhaltsanalyse empirisch ausgewertet. In der Hypothesen-Überprüfung werden u.a. Erkenntnisse zum Umfang, zur Diversifikation und zu den wichtigsten Themen der Berichterstattung über Bulgarien präsentiert und mögliche intervenierende Variablen diskutiert