Interactions between vaccinia virus and sensitized macrophages in vitro

The action of peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) from normal and vaccinia virus infected mice on infectious vaccinia virus particles was investigatedin vitro. PEC from immune mice showed a significantly higher infectivity titre reduction (virus clearance, VC) than normal cells. This effect could be clearly attributed to the macrophage. Vaccinia virus multiplied in PEC from normal animals while there was no virus propagation in cells from immunized mice. The release of adsorbed or engulfed virus was reduced significantly in PEC from immunized animals. Anti-vaccinia-antibodies seem to activate normal macrophages to increased virus clearance. This stimulating effect was demonstrable only in the IgG fraction of the antiserum. The activity of macrophages from mice injected three times over a period of 14 days with vaccinia virus could be entirely blocked with anti-mouse-IgG, while PEC from mice injected one time six days previously were not inhibited

A construção de uma referência de identidade nacional para o Rio Grande do Sul nos discursos crítico-literário e historiográfico de Moysés Vellinho

Esta pesquisa objetiva analisar em que consiste e como é articulada a identidade nacional do Rio Grande do Sul por Moysés Vellinho. Para isso, se analisará como o intelectual constrói por meio de sua crítica literária – assinada sob o pseudônimo Paulo Arinos, e em sua interpretação historiográfica, uma narrativa da identidade nacional para o Rio Grande do Sul e o gaúcho. A análise dos dois discursos permite compreender como a preocupação nacionalista, sendo comum aos dois, os irmanará em objetivos que extravasam a crítica literária puramente formal e a interpretação histórica neutra – ou estritamente baseada em pressupostos científicos.This research aims to analyze into what consists as well as the articulation of the national identity of Rio Grande do Sul by Moysés Vellinho. In order to do it the building throughout his literary criticism will be analyzed – one made and signed under the pseudonym of Paulo Arinos, and in the interpretation of his historical textual production, a national narrative for both Rio Grande Do Sul and the gaúcho. The analysis of the two speeches allows to comprehend on how the nationalist concern being common to both, will unite them into objectives that go beyond the literary criticism which is purely formal as well as the neutral historical interpretation – or rigorously estimated in scientific affirmations

Getúlio Vargas na ficção: leituras comparadas de um suicídio político

O propósito deste trabalho é refletir a respeito do suicídio do presidente brasileiro Getúlio Vargas tendo por base a análise comparada de três obras: Quem matou Vargas (Carlos Heitor Cony); Getúlio Matou Allende: e outras novelas do poder (Flávio Tavares), além de O homem que matou Getúlio Vargas (Jô Soares). Parte-se do princípio de que é na literatura que o suicídio de Getúlio Vargas ganha uma dimensão homicida, o que configura a natureza de sua morte e seu caráter político.O propósito deste trabalho é refletir a respeito do suicídio do presidente brasileiro Getúlio Vargas tendo por base a análise comparada de três obras: Quem matou Vargas (Carlos Heitor Cony); Getúlio Matou Allende: e outras novelas do poder (Flávio Tavares), além de O homem que matou Getúlio Vargas (Jô Soares). Parte-se do princípio de que é na literatura que o suicídio de Getúlio Vargas ganha uma dimensão homicida, o que configura a natureza de sua morte e seu caráter político

Sorl1 as an Alzheimer's disease predisposition gene?

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressively disabling impairments in memory, cognition, and non-cognitive behavioural symptoms. Sporadic AD is multifactorial and genetically complex. While several monogenic mutations cause early-onset AD and gene alleles have been suggested as AD susceptibility factors, the only extensively validated susceptibility gene for late-onset AD is the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon4 allele. Alleles of the APOE gene do not account for all of the genetic load calculated to be responsible for AD predisposition. Recently, polymorphisms across the neuronal sortilin-related receptor (SORL1) gene were shown to be significantly associated with AD in several cohorts. Here we present the results of our large case-control whole-genome scan at over 500,000 polymorphisms which presents weak evidence for association and potentially narrows the association interval

Effects of Stocking Rate and Environmental Enrichment on the Ontogeny of Pecking Behavior of Laying Hen Pullets Confined in Aviary Compartments during the First 4 Weeks of Life

Simple Summary The objective of this study was to describe the development of aggressive pecking, gentle feather pecking and severe feather pecking of non-beak-trimmed laying hen pullets during the first 4 weeks of life. The pecking behavior patterns were observed in three different experimental groups, which differed in stocking rates and the provision of enrichment material. The enrichment materials were suitable and intensely used by the pullets. The provision of pecking blocks and pecking stones is recommended as a preventive measure from the first day of life onwards for pullets housed in commercial rearing aviaries. There was no effect of reduced stocking rate, most likely due to the low variation in stocking rates. The objective of this study was to describe the ontogeny of the severe feather pecking (SFP), gentle feather pecking (GFP), aggressive pecking (AP), and enrichment pecking (EP) of non-beak-trimmed Lohmann Brown (LB)-pullets during the first 4 weeks of life (observation on 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd, and 29th days of life) while they were kept within the compartments of a commercial rearing aviary (without access to a litter area). All chicks were placed into compartments of the middle tier of the aviary on the 1st day of life. On the 10th day of life, half of the chicks of each compartment were moved into the compartments of the lower tier. The aviary floor was covered with chick paper before the placement of the chicks and fully or partially removed from the 15th day of life onwards. The pecking behavior patterns were observed in three experimental groups (EG): NE (not enriched): group size until/after 10th day of life: 230/115;120.8/60.4 birds/m(2), no enrichment;EL (enriched, low stocking rate): group size until/after 10th day of life: 203/101, 106.6/53.6 birds/m(2);and EH (enriched, high stocking rate): group size until/after 10th day of life: 230/115;120.8/60.4 birds/m(2), both pecking stones and blocks as enrichment) in two rearing periods. For each pecking behavior pattern, an independent regression model with the parameters EG, chick paper, observation day, and functional area was estimated. GFP, SFP, and EP increased with age during the observation. The AP rate was highest in all EGs on the first day of life and decreased during the observation period. A pairwise comparison of NE (high stocking rate without enrichment) with EH (high stocking rate with enrichment and with EL (low stocking rate with enrichment) showed a significant effect of the EG on pecking behavior, with more SFP, AP, and GFP in NE. There were no differences between EL and EH, indicating that the provision of pecking materials had more influence than the stocking rate. However, we presumed that the difference between the stocking rates were too small to observe an effect. AP, SFP, and GFP were significantly higher on wired slats, as compared to the perches and the vicinity of the enrichment materials. The enrichment materials were suitable and intensely used by the pullets. The provision of pecking blocks and pecking stones was recommended as a preventive measure from the first day of life onwards for pullets housed in commercial rearing aviaries. There was no effect of reduced stocking rate, most likely due to the low variation in stocking rates

ARGO: UMA AVENTURA OCIDENTAL EM TERRAS ORIENTAIS

Este artigo busca analisar as representações do iraniano no #lme Argo, a #m de que se possa entenderas bases discursivas sobre as quais se assentam as críticas levantadas pelo Irã em relação ao #lme, paradesta maneira compreender como o mesmo atua segundo o recurso de poder do so power americanoconforme entendido por Nye (2002). Dirigido e estreado por Ben A&eck, Argo foi ganhador do Oscarde melhor #lme em 2013. O fato de o prêmio haver sido anunciado pela primeira dama Michelle Obamareforçaria os desígnios políticos da produção cujo discurso aqui analisado, e esta é nossa hipóteseinvestigativa, aprofunda o antagonismo e a incompreensão da nação norte-americana frente ao Irã

Narrativas do pesquisador nos processos de Divulgação Científica: experiências na formação docente

O trabalho em questão trata-se de uma imersão na pesquisa narrativa baseado na perspectiva de Clandinin e Connelly (2015) trazendo a constituição do pesquisador e sua relação com a temática Divulgação Científica a partir da metáfora do costurar que constitui o espaço tridimensional o qual engloba o indivíduo e suas narrativas. A pesquisa narrativa aparece nesse âmbito tornando-se um contar e recontar de histórias que trazem à tona sentimentos e angústias do pesquisador. Esses ultrapassam o narrar dessa história e enriquecem o texto de detalhes, que permitem ao leitor se embeber na realidade do pesquisador, onde o texto molda-se às experiências e interações. Desta forma, trago o meu constitutivo (auto)biográfico como pesquisador, perpassando da infância até a constituição docente e profissional.&nbsp

The sequence of rice chromosomes 11 and 12, rich in disease resistance genes and recent gene duplications

Background: Rice is an important staple food and, with the smallest cereal genome, serves as a reference species for studies on the evolution of cereals and other grasses. Therefore, decoding its entire genome will be a prerequisite for applied and basic research on this species and all other cereals. Results: We have determined and analyzed the complete sequences of two of its chromosomes, 11 and 12, which total 55.9 Mb (14.3% of the entire genome length), based on a set of overlapping clones. A total of 5,993 non-transposable element related genes are present on these chromosomes. Among them are 289 disease resistance-like and 28 defense-response genes, a higher proportion of these categories than on any other rice chromosome. A three-Mb segment on both chromosomes resulted from a duplication 7.7 million years ago (mya), the most recent large-scale duplication in the rice genome. Paralogous gene copies within this segmental duplication can be aligned with genomic assemblies from sorghum and maize. Although these gene copies are preserved on both chromosomes, their expression patterns have diverged. When the gene order of rice chromosomes 11 and 12 was compared to wheat gene loci, significant synteny between these orthologous regions was detected, illustrating the presence of conserved genes alternating with recently evolved genes. Conclusion: Because the resistance and defense response genes, enriched on these chromosomes relative to the whole genome, also occur in clusters, they provide a preferred target for breeding durable disease resistance in rice and the isolation of their allelic variants. The recent duplication of a large chromosomal segment coupled with the high density of disease resistance gene clusters makes this the most recently evolved part of the rice genome. Based on syntenic alignments of these chromosomes, rice chromosome 11 and 12 do not appear to have resulted from a single whole-genome duplication event as previously suggested