Pre- and post-estrogen administration in global cerebral ischemia reduces blood-brain barrier breakdown in ovariectomized rats

The aim of present study was to determine the effect of estrogen treatment on blood-brain barrier permeability in rats with induced global cerebral ischemia. The study included six-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats which were divided into the following groups: Control-Ischemia-Reperfusion (C + I-R); Ovariectomy-Ischemia-Reperfusion (Ovx + I-R); Ovariectomy + Estrogen + Ischemia-Reperfusion (Ovx + E + I-R); Ovariectomy + Ischemia-Reperfusion + Estrogen (Ovx + I-R + E). Ischemia-reperfusion was induced by clamping two carotid arteries, then opening the clamp. Blood-brain barrier permeability was visualized by Evans Blue extravasation and quantified by spectrophotometry. Our results indicate that following ischemia-reperfusion the BBB permeability is increased in ovariectomized rats (Evans Blue extravasation) compared to the control group in the cortex, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum and brain stem, while in the midbrain no significant increase was detected. In contrast, BBB permeability in the groups treated with estrogen, administered either before or after ischemia-reperfusion, was significantly lower than in ovariectomized animals. In conclusion, the increase in BBB permeability resulting from experimentally induced cerebral ischemia was prevented by exogenous estrogen treatment. The study results indicate that estrogen may be used for therapeutic purposes in ischemia-reperfusion

Investigation Of The Incidence And Causes Elite Tennis Players’ İnjuries In Turkey

Tenniswhich is a sport branch forcing technical, tactical, physiological andpsychological capabilities of human is one of the best sports branches. “SportsInjuries” is referred to every kind of damage occurring during sportiveactivities. Several factors are involved in sports injuries including age,quality of the material used, weather, lighting, court, hall, component,physical condition of the athlete etc. In addition, psychological factor havealso been stated to play a role in sports injuries. The study was performedwith a questionnaire conducted on 86 elite male tennis players who were playingin Ankara, Konya and Istanbul regions at 1990-1991 season of Turkey TennisClassification League. In study, 47 players have exposed to injury, while 39have not. Rates of injuries were found to be higher in the shoulder, elbow,knee and ankle regions compared to the other parts of the body. In conclusion,in this study we found that the incidence of injury was 54.65 among maletennis player. In addition, our findings indicated that stressful eventsexperienced by the tennis players were also effective on injuries.Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercis

Het belang van water in de islam

Een van de belangrijkste vraagstukken van deze eeuw is water. Uit het wereldwaterrapport van de Verenigde Naties blijkt dat alle staten in de wereld de komende jaren zeer serieuze maatregelen moeten nemen met betrekking tot het waterverbruik. Zuurstof en water zijn de belangrijkste dingen voor het voortbestaan van het leven in deze wereld. Met de klimaatverandering zien we dat 1,2 miljard mensen problemen hebben om aan schoon water te komen; zij moeten migreren uit de gebieden waar ze wonen. Dat de drinkwatervoorraden met 20 procent zijn afgenomen, vooral in Afrika en Azië, geeft aan hoe ernstig het probleem de komende jaren zal zijn en dat soortgelijke problemen op elk moment in de rest van de wereld kunnen ontstaan

17-20 yaş grubundaki güreşçilerde ve sedanterlerdeki iskelet osteoblastik aktivite dağılımlarının karşılaştırılması

In this study, the difference in the ratios of bone invasion in wrestlers and sedantery persons has been investigated by using 99m Tc _ MDP scintigraph. By this aim, twenty elite level wrestlers were selected from the activity show wrestling clups in Konya city, whit at least five years in practice and they were 17-20 years old; this group wasconsidered as an experimental group. Ten sedantary persons whith same range of age who never exercised any form of sports were considered as a control group . totally 30 subjects were involved in this study.By using of 99m Tc – MDP scintigraph in both group, for all persons static images were taken in the palm of the hands, head and neck, thoracic cage and in the lumbar, pelvic and both kness and feet regions and in the anterior and posterior regions of bi-lateral shoulders.According to the result of the guantitative analysis of both wrestlers and sedantery persons, the ratios of the radioactive invasion were calculated in the palm of the hands, anterior and posterior regions of the sholdres, anterior and posterior  regions of the pelvic articulations of knees and feed regions and in the shafts of the humerus, tibia and femur.Obtaining data of both groups were statistically analyzed and compared whith Mann Whitney U- test. Result showed that radioactive invasion in the shafts of humeral, radial, and femoral bones in wrestlers was significantly higherthan in controls(p<0,05). İn the other regions no significant differences between group has been found(p>0,05).In case of wrestlers, it was seen that stres over the skaletal system had an excersive effect on the upper limbs namely the shafts of humerus and radius in both sides. However, in the lower limb a same effect was seen in the shafts of bi-lateral femurs and in the knees joint regions. In these regions, it was fount thatin bone scintigraph, increment in the osteoblasttic activity causes secondary increment in the radioactive invasion.According to the physiological changes in bone formation, with more confidence, the streess effect over the skeletal system can be visually and quantitatively evaluated.Bu çalışmayla güreşçilerde ve sedanterlerde 99m Tc- MDP sintigrafisi uygulanarak kemik tutulum oranlarındaki farklılık araştırılmaya çalışıldı. Bu amaçla Konya ilinde güreş sporunda faaliyet gösteren kulüplerden en az beş yıl güreş yapmış 17-20 yaşları arasında elit düzeydeki 20 güreşçi deney grubu, hiç spor yapmamış aynı yaş grubunda 10 sedanter kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 30 kişi çalışma kapsamına alınmıştır.Her iki gruba da 99m Tc-MDP sintigrafisi uygulanarak çalışmada tüm kişilerin elin anterior, baş, boyun, göğüs kafesi, pelvis, diz ve ayak bölgeleri ile omuzun anterio’u ve posterior’u, lumbal ve pelvisin statik görüntüleri alındı. Kopütürde kantitatif analiz sonucu güreşçi ve sedanterlerin elinin anterior’u ve posterior’u, omuzun  anterior’u ve posterior’u, pelvisin anterior’u ve posterior’u, diz ve ayak bölgesi eklemleri, humerus,tibiave femur şaftında radyo aktif tutulum (RAT) oranları hesaplandı. Elde edilen değerler, güreşçi ve sedanterlerin ortalamaları eşleştirilmiş gruplar arası Man Whitney U testi ile istatistiksel değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Güreşçilerde her iki humerus, radius ve femur kemik şaftlarında artmış radyoaktif tutulumları (p<0i05) bulunmuştur. Diğer bölgelerde pelvis, omuz ve ayak bölgelerinde her iki grup radyoaktif dağılımları arasında anlamlı fark bulunamamıştır (p>0,05).Sonuç olarak güreşçilerde iskelet sistemi üzerinde yüklenmenin üst ekstremitede en fazla her iki humerus ve radius şaftlarında görülmüştür. Alt ekstremitede ise her iki femur şaftı ve diz eklem bölgesinde görülmüştür. Bu bölgelerde kemik sintigrafisinde osteoblastik aktivite artışına sekonder artmış radyoaktif tutulumlar mevcuttur.Bu sonuçlar güreşçilerde aktivite sonucu kuvvete en fazla maruz kalınan bölgelerin üst eksremitede humerus ve radius olduğu, alt eksremitede ise her iki femur ve diz eklemi olduğu görülmektedir. İskelet sisteminde yüklenmeye bağlı oluşan fizyolojik değişiklikleri en doğru güvenilir olarak vizvel  ve kantitatif olarak değerlendirilmesi mümkündür.&nbsp

A comparison of bone maturations by left hand X-Ray radiograms with Greulich-pyle skeletal development atlas in healthy 2-24 months old children of, in Eskişehir

Bu çalışma, kronolojik yaşları belli olan 2-24 ay arasındaki 700 çocuk içinden, sağlıklı olan 242'sinin sol el-elbilek grafilerinde kemik matürasyonlarının kliniğimizde kullandığımız Greulich-Pyle iskelet gelişme atlasındaki aynı cins ve yaştaki standartlara uygunluğunu göstermek amacıyla yapıldı. Sol el-elbileği radyogramındaki 22 kemiğin gelişimi, Greulich-Pyle atlasına göre 2-9 aylar arasında tam uyumlu iken 12-18 aylar arasında uyumluluğun azaldığı ve 24 aylık olan çocuklarda ise belirgin olarak geri kaldığı saptanmıştır.Lenf hand and wrist x-ray radiograms were obtained from 242 healthy children between 2-24 months of age group, that were selected from 700 children, In Eskişehir in orded to detect the bone maturation. The graphies were compared with Greulich-Pyle hand and wrist skeletal developmental radiographic atlas. Skeletal development, according to Greulich-Pyle atlas, at the 22 bone maturation, between 2-9 months of age there was a similarity, but this correlation was decreased at 12-18 months with remarkable retardation at 24 months of age

Evaluation of Kdo-8-N₃ incorporation into lipopolysaccharides of various <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains

8-Azido-3,8-dideoxy-α/β-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo-8-N3) is a Kdo derivative used in metabolic labeling of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures found on the cell membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Several studies have reported successful labeling of LPS using Kdo-8-N3 and visualization of LPS by a fluorescent reagent through click chemistry on a selection of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli strains, Salmonella typhimurium, and Myxococcus xanthus. Motivated by the promise of Kdo-8-N3 to be useful in the investigation of LPS biosynthesis and cell surface labeling across different strains, we set out to explore the variability in nature and efficiency of LPS labeling using Kdo-8-N3 in a variety of E. coli strains and serotypes. We optimized the chemical synthesis of Kdo-8-N3 and subsequently used Kdo-8-N3 to metabolically label pathogenic E. coli strains from commercial and clinical origin. Interestingly, different extents of labeling were observed in different E. coli strains, which seemed to be dependent also on growth media, and the majority of labeled LPS appears to be of the ‘rough’ LPS variant, as visualized using SDS-PAGE and fluorescence microscopy. This knowledge is important for future application of Kdo-8-N3 in the study of LPS biosynthesis and dynamics, especially when working with clinical isolates.</p

Myopia, visual acuity and strabismus in the long term following treatment of retinopathy of prematurity

The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the long-term ophthalmological outcome in children with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) who were treated for threshold disease with indirect laser photocoagulation. 107 eyes of 56 patients with threshold ROP treated with indirect laser photocoagulation and 202 eyes of 101 control patients with spontaneously regressed ROP were included. Fixation pattern, ocular motility findings, visual acuity, anterior segment examination, cycloplegic refraction and indirect ophthalmoscopic dilated fundus examination findings of all the included subjects were recorded. The incidence of unfavorable visual outcome defined as Snellen acuity of < 0.2, esotropia, strabismus surgery, nystagmus, myopia (≥ -0.50 D) and astigmatism (≥ 1.50 D) was significantly higher in the treated group than in the control group. These results indicate that premature babies with threshold ROP treated with indirect laser photocoagulation require frequent and long-term follow-up in order to determine refractive status and the presence of ocular motility disorders over time

The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL). Data sources: An Embase, MEDLINE and Cochrane search were utilised to identify various clinical trials on the treatment of ISSHL. Studies that were published between 2002 and 2018 and written in the English, Dutch or German language were included. Search terms included synonyms for idiopathic sudden hearing loss. Data synthesis: A total of 16 articles were identified regarding hyperbaric oxygen therapy. All patients were evaluated with pure-tone audiometry. A major part of the cases presented with unilateral hearing loss(bilateral hearing loss less than 5%). In several studies, the average of the mean hearing gain at five contiguous frequencies was significantly higher in the hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy and systemic steroid (SS) group in patients with severe or profound hearing impairment. They recorded a significant treatment effect (p = 0.005) of HBO + SS therapy on patients with an initial hearing loss of ≥ 81 dB. Conclusions: On the whole group of ISSHL patients, no significant difference was demonstrated between the intervention and control group. However, in severe or profound hearing-impaired ISSHL patients, significant benefit was observed in the intervention group. These results likely indicate that adding HBO to steroid therapies might be of benefit in cases of severe and profound hearing impairment

Social Cognition and Functioning in Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder and/or Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

In recent years, social cognition and one of its dimensions, the theory of mind, have been more commonly investigated in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In this study, SAD, ADHD, comorbid SAD-ADHD, and healthy control (HC) groups, each consisting of 30 participants, were included and compared in terms of social cognition and functionality. Mean global functioning assessment scores were found to be significantly higher in the HC group compared with the other three groups and in the ADHD group compared with the SAD and SAD-ADHD groups. Mean Dokuz Eylul Theory of Mind Index total scores were found to be significantly higher in the HC group compared with the other three groups and in the SAD and SAD-ADHD groups compared with the ADHD group. These findings suggest that SAD patients with or without ADHD show better social cognition but worse functioning compared with pure ADHD patients.The authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributions: C. U.: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing-original draft. R. T.: methodology, formal analysis, writing-review and editing, supervision. E. C. Z.: investigation. E. B.: investigation. E. E.: writing-review and editing, resources.r All authors declare that they have read and approved the submitted article.r Funding: Not applicable.r Data avaibility: Available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.r Code availability: Not applicable.r Ethics approval: All procedures were approved by the Ethics Commitee of Istanbul Faculty of Medicine.r Consent to participate: Written consent was obtained from all participants in this study.r The authors declare no conflict of interest

Pyelolithotomy in a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia and antiglycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibodies: the shortest possible duration of treatment with recombinant activated factor VII and platelet transfusions

Transfusion of platelet concentrates remains the first-line therapy for Glanzmann thrombasthenia in case of bleeding or preparation for surgery. However, development of antibodies to platelet glycoprotein (Gp) IIb/IIIa complex or human leukocyte antigens (HLA) is frequent and the main cause of platelet refractoriness. Recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) is a potent alternative for patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia with anti-platelet antibodies. We describe a case of Glanzmann thrombasthenia with alloantibodies to platelet Gp IIb/IIIa complex who underwent a successful pyelolithotomy operation under the coverage of recombinant activated factor VIIa and platelet transfusions