Characterizing Components of the Dictyostelium Centrosome

Three functionally important centrosomal proteins from Dictyostelium were identified, cloned and characterized. The work focuses on the Dictyostelium-homologue of centrin and two proteins belonging to soluble gamma-tubulin complexes in other organisms.Drei funktionell bedeutsame Proteine des Zentrosoms von Dictyostelium wurden identifiziert, kloniert und charakterisiert. Untersucht wurden zum einen das Dictyostelium-Homolog des Proteins Centrin, zum anderen zwei Proteine, die in anderern Organismen Bestandteile löslicher Gammatubulinkomplexe sind

Gold Nanoparticle Delivery of Modified CpG Stimulates Macrophages and Inhibits Tumor Growth for Enhanced Immunotherapy

Gold nanoparticle accumulation in immune cells has commonly been viewed as a side effect for cancer therapeutic delivery; however, this phenomenon can be utilized for developing gold nanoparticle mediated immunotherapy. Here, we conjugated a modified CpG oligodeoxynucleotide immune stimulant to gold nanoparticles using a simple and scalable selfassembled monolayer scheme that enhanced the functionality of CpG in vitro and in vivo. Nanoparticles can attenuate systemic side effects by enhancing CpG delivery passively to innate effector cells. The use of a triethylene glycol (TEG) spacer on top of the traditional poly-thymidine spacer increased CpG macrophage stimulatory effects without sacrificing DNA content on the nanoparticle, which directly correlates to particle uptake. In addition, the immune effects of modified CpGAuNPs were altered by the core particle size, with smaller 15 nm AuNPs generating maximum immune response. These TEG modified CpG-AuNP complexes induced macrophage and dendritic cell tumor infiltration, significantly inhibited tumor growth, and promoted survival in mice when compared to treatments with free CpG

The importance of the youth court assistance in Austria - \ua7 48 \uf6/GG

Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit der ?Bedeutung der Jugendgerichtshilfe? in 6sterreich. Die Jugendgerichtshilfe ? normiert in \ua7 48 JGG - ist eine Institution, welche die Gerichte und die Staatsanw\ue4lte bei Erf\ufcllung ihrer Aufgaben unterst\ufctzt. Jugendliche versuchen im Laufe ihres Entwicklungsprozesses ihre Grenzen auszutesten und versto fen hierbei manchmal gegen vorgegebene Normen. Dann muss herausgefunden werden, ob es sich um einen Entwicklungsprozess handelt oder ob die begangene Straftat ein Ausdruck psychischer, physischer oder auch sozialer St\uf6rungen ist. Diese Aufgabe hat unter anderem die Jugendgerichtshilfe \ufcbernommen und wird im Straf- und Pflegschaftsbereich t\ue4tig. In dieser Arbeit wird unter anderem der geschichtliche Aspekt der Jugendgerichtshilfe dargestellt und auch die Ver\ue4nderung der jugendlichen Straftaten wird er\uf6rtert. Der Wiener Jugendgerichtshof war eine wichtige Institution f\ufcr die Jugendgerichtsbarkeit, weshalb auch auf diesen eingegangen wird. Um einen cberblick \ufcber die Jugendgerichtshilfe zu erhalten, werden Ziele, Aufgaben und Organe der Jugendgerichtshilfe dargestellt, sowie auch auf die Abgrenzung zur Bew\ue4hrungshilfe eingegangen. Einen wichtigen Bereich der Arbeit stellt die ?Wiener Jugendgerichtshilfe? dar. Die Arbeitsmethoden der ?Wiener Jugendgerichtshilfe? spielen eine wichtige Rolle, da es in anderen Bundesl\ue4ndern keine eigene Dienststelle der Jugendgerichtshilfe gibt. Aus diesem Grund werden auch andere Bundesl\ue4nder behandelt und der Fokus auf die Situation in der Steiermark gelegt. Um dieses Thema ausf\ufchrlich behandeln zu k\uf6nnen, wurden Interviews mit Menschen gef\ufchrt, die sich t\ue4glich mit dieser Thematik besch\ue4ftigen. Schlussendlich ist das zweij\ue4hrige Modellprojekt ?Familiengerichtshilfe? des Bundesministeriums f\ufcr Justiz erw\ue4hnenswert, welches sich zum Teil auch mit den Kernaufgaben der Jugendgerichtshilfe befasst und deshalb abschlie fend behandelt wird.This diploma thesis deals with ?the importance oft the youth court assistance? in Austria. The youth court assistance is an institution that supports the courts and prosecutors in carrying out their duties. During their development process adolescents try to test their limits and sometimes violate the rules. If so, it is important to find out whether it is a development process, or whether the offense is an expression of psychological, physical or social disorders. This task is carried out, among other things, by the youth court assistance which also acts in the field of criminal law and curatorship. In this thesis, among other things, the historical aspect of the youth court assistance is described and also the changes in juvenile crime are discussed. The Vienna Juvenile Court was an important institution for juvenile justice, which is why this is discussed as well. To get an overview of the youth court assistance, the objectives, tasks and organs are presented. The definition of probation is also a topic. An important area of this work is the "Vienna youth court assistance". The working methods of the "Vienna youth court assistance" play an important role, because in other provinces there is no separate department of the youth court assistance. For this reason other provinces are also looked at, but the focus is set on the situation in Styria. For a thorough coverage, people were interviewed, who deal with this subject on a daily basis. Finally the two ? year pilot project ?Family Court Assistance? of the Federal Ministry of Justice is worth mentioning. This project deals with the main duties of the youth court assistance and is discussed in the final chapter.eingereicht von: Verena ZoglmeierAbweichender Titel laut cbersetzung der Verfasserin/des VerfassersGraz, Univ., Dipl.-Arb., 2013(VLID)22644

Sixty years of Radiochimica Acta: a brief overview with emphasis on the last 10 years

Abstract On the occasion of the diamond jubilee of Radiochimica Acta (RCA), this article briefly describes the progress made by the journal during the last 10 years; a detailed account of the developments during the first 50 years having been given earlier ( Radiochimica Acta 2012, 100, 483–492). Publishing responsibility for the journal was taken over in 2014 by Walter De Gruyter, a traditional German publishing company founded in 1749. This allowed RCA also to maintain its established traditional standard of publishing. Being broad-based, the journal encompasses all chemical aspects of nuclear science and technology. It has kept pace with the changing trends in radiochemical research. Today, besides fundamental nuclear chemistry, applied topics, such as chemical behaviour and mobility of actinides and fission products, accelerator-based radiochemistry, development of novel radiochemical techniques, study of radiation chemical effects, etc., are well represented. The journal is supported by a group of international Editors and Advisors who are distinguished radiochemists themselves. It follows a strict peer-review system and is assisted by a network of about 500 referees. About 200 manuscripts are received per year, out of which 40–45% are rejected. The impact factor (IF) of RCA is comparable to those of other radiochemistry-related journals, but the cited half-life (CHL) of RCA is by far the highest of all related journals. A list of top highly cited 100 articles has been provided alongside this article. In the past, most of the articles originated from Europe and North America, but in recent years the number of contributions from China and several developing countries has been increasing. All articles are published in English, and the journal is presently available to read both online and in a printed format.</jats:p

Dictyostelium Sun1 is a dynamic membrane protein of both nuclear membranes and required for centrosomal association with clustered centromeres

Centrosomal attachment to nuclei is crucial for proper mitosis and nuclear positioning in various organisms, and generally involves Sun-family proteins located at the inner nuclear envelope. There is still no common scheme for the outer nuclear membrane proteins interacting with Sun I in centrosome/nucleus attachment. Here we propose a model in which Sun1 mediates a physical link between centrosomes and clustered centromeres through both nuclear membranes in Dictyostelium. For the first time we provide a detailed microscopic analysis of the centrosomal and nuclear envelope localization of endogenous Dictyostelium Sun1 during interphase and mitosis. By immunogold electron microscopy we show that Sun1 is a resident of both nuclear membranes. Disruption of Sun1 function by overexpression of full-length GFP-Sun1 or a GFP-Sun-domain deletion construct revealed not only the established function in centrosome/nucleus attachment and maintenance of ploidy, but also a requirement of Sun1 for the association of the centromere cluster with the centrosome. Live-cell imaging visualized the occurrence of mitotic defects, and demonstrated the requirement of microtubules for dynamic distance changes between centrosomes and nuclei. FRAP analysis revealed at least two populations of Sun1, with an immobile fraction associated with the centrosome, and a mobile fraction in the nuclear envelope