Stimulation of glucose transport in osteoblastic cells by parathyroid hormone and insulin-like growth factor I

Insulin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulate glucose metabolism in bone cells. In order to differentiate between the effects of these hormones and to compare the potency of insulin with that of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) I, we treated rat bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells for different time periods and at different concentrations with insulin, IGF I, or PTH, and measured [1-14C]-2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) uptake and incorporation of d-[U-14C] glucose into glycogen. 2DG uptake was Na-independent with an apparent affinity constant (K M) of ~2mmol/l. Expression of the high affinity glucose transporters (GLUT), GLUT1 and GLUT3 but not of GLUT4, was found by Northern and Western analysis. Similar to the findings with primary rat osteoblasts, but distinct from those in rat fibroblasts, 2DG uptake and glycogen synthesis were increased in this cell line after exposure to low concentrations (0.1nmol/l and above) of PTH. IGF I at low doses (0.3nmol/l and above) or insulin at higher doses (1nmol/l and above) stimulated 2DG uptake and [3H] thymidine incorporation into DNA. 2DG transport was enhanced already after 30min of IGF I treatment whereas the effect of PTH became significant after 6h. It is concluded that IGF I rather than insulin may be a physiological regulator of 2DG transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblast

Dexamethasone and Cyclic AMP Regulate Sodium Phosphate Cotransporter (NaPi-IIb and Pit-1) mRNA and Phosphate Uptake in Rat Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells

Alveolar epithelial type II (AT II) cells need phosphate (Pi) for surfactant synthesis. The Na-dependent (Nad) Pi transporters NaPi-IIb and Pit-1 are expressed in lung, but their expression, regulation, and function in AT II cells remain unclear. We studied NaPi-IIb and Pit-1 mRNA expression in cultured AT II cells isolated from adult rat lung, their regulation by agents known to enhance surfactant production, dexamethasone (dex) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (cAMP), and the effects of dex and cAMP on Nad Pi uptake by this cell type. By Northern analysis, cultured AT II cells expressed both NaPi-IIb (4.8 and 4.0kb) and Pit-1 (4.3kb) mRNA. Treatment with 100nmol/l dex for 24h decreased the expression of both mRNAs (to 0.48±0.06 and 0.77±0.05, respectively, as compared to control), while 0.1mmol/l cAMP stimulated NaPi-IIb (1.94±0.22) but not Pit-1 mRNA (0.90±0.05, compared to vehicle-treated cells). NaPi-IIb and Pit-1 proteins could not be identified by western analysis of plasma membrane preparations of cultured AT II cells. AT II cells take up Pi in a Nad manner. Uptake was slightly (to 0.78-fold of the control) decreased by 100nmol/l dex but not affected by 0.1mmol/l cAMP treatment. Although NaPi-IIb mRNA expression was maintained to some extent by AT II cells kept in primary culture, Pi uptake was more closely related to Pit-1 mRNA expressio

Tides of Change

Review of Tides of Change: A Guide to the Harraseeket District of Freeport, Maine by Bruce Jacobson, Joel W. Eastman, Anne Bridge

Design, Synthesis and 5-HT1A Binding Affinity of N-(3-(4-(2-Methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7 ]decan-1-amine and N-(3-(4-(2-Methoxyphenyl) piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tricylo[3.3.1.13,7 ]decan-1-amine

Based on previously highlighted structural features, the development of highly selective 5-HT1A receptor inhibitors is closely linked to the incorporation of a 4-alkyl-1-arylpiperazine scaffold on them. In this paper, we present the synthesis of two new compounds bearing the 2-MeO-Ph-piperazine moiety linked via a three carbon atom linker to the amine group of 1-adamantanamine and memantine, respectively. Both were tested for their binding affinity against 5-HT1A receptor. N-(3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)tricyclo[3.3.1.13,7 ]decan-1-amine fumarate (8) and N-(3-(4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-3,5-dimethyl-tricylo[3.3.1.13,7 ]decan-1-amine fumarate (10) proved to be highly selective ligands towards 5-HT1A receptor with a binding constant of 1.2 nM and 21.3 nM, respectively, while 5-carboxamidotriptamine (5-CT) (2) was used as an internal standard for this assay with a measured Ki = 0.5 nM

1,2-Αnnulated Adamantane Heterocyclic Derivatives as Anti-Influenza Α Virus Agents

In this report we review our results on the development of 1,2-annulated adamantane heterocyclic derivatives and we discuss the structure-activity relationships obtained from their biological evaluation against influenza A virus. We have designed and synthesized numerous potent 1,2-annulated adamantane analogues of amantadine and rimantadine against influenza A targeting M2 protein the last 20 years. For their synthesis we utilized the key intermediates 2-(2-oxoadamantan-1-yl)acetic acid and 3-(2-oxoadamantan-1-yl)propanoic acid, which were obtained by a simple, fast and efficient synthetic protocol. The latter involved the treatment of protoadamantanone with different electrophiles and a carbon-skeleton rearrangement. These ketoesters offered a new pathway to the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted adamantanes, which constitute starting materials for many molecules with pharmacological potential, such as the 1,2-annulated adamantane heterocyclic derivatives. To obtain additional insight for their binding to M2 protein three structurally similar 1,2-annulated adamantane piperidines, differing in nitrogen position, were studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidyl-choline (POPC) hydrated bilayers. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Removable partial dentures: The clinical need for innovation

Statement of problem: The number of partially dentate adults is increasing, and many patients will require replacement of missing teeth. Although current treatment options also include fixed partial dentures and implants, removable partial dentures (RPDs) can have advantages and are widely used in clinical practice. However, a significant need exists to advance materials and fabrication technologies because of the unwanted health consequences associated with current RPDs. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to assess the current state of and future need for prosthetics such as RPDs for patients with partial edentulism, highlight areas of weakness, and outline possible solutions to issues that affect patient satisfaction and the use of RPDs. Material and methods: The data on treatment for partial edentulism were reviewed and summarized with a focus on currently available and future RPD designs, materials, means of production, and impact on oral health. Data on patient satisfaction and compliance with RPD treatment were also reviewed to assess patient-centered care. Results: Design, materials, ease of repair, patient education, and follow-up for RPD treatment all had a significant impact on treatment success. Almost 40% of patients no longer use their RPD within 5 years because of factors such as sociodemographics, pain, and esthetics. Research on RPD-based treatment for partial edentulism for both disease-oriented and patient-centered outcomes is lacking. Conclusions: Future trials should evaluate new RPD materials and design technologies and include both long-term follow-up and health-related and patient-reported outcomes. Advances in materials and digital design/production along with patient education promise to further the application of RPDs and improve the quality of life for patients requiring RPDs

Prosthetic Intervention for the Management of Low Attached Palatopharyngeal Flaps - A Clinical Report

U ovom kliničkom prikazu opisuje se zakašnjela protetska rehabilitacija odraslog pacijenta s nazalnim i neadekvatnim govorom zbog rascjepa nepca i niskog hvatišta faringealnih režnjeva. Čini se da je kod takvih pacijenata izrada opturatora terapija izbora nakon što nisu mogući, odbijeni su ili su kontraindicirani daljnji kirurški zahvati.This clinical report describes a delayed prosthetic management of an adult cleft palate patient, in order to treat hypernasality and inadequate speech pattern associated with the employment of low attached pharyngeal flap. Obturator construction seems to be the treatment of choice for this group of cleft palate patients when further pharyngeal surgery is contraindicated or denied

A Fixed Telescopic Prosthesis Designed to Retrieve and Convert to Fixed-Removable Combination Case: A Clinical Report

U ovom kliničkom prikazu opisan je, kod parodontno ugroženog pacijenta s nekontroliranim dijabetesom, fiksni maksilarni most od estetskoga kompozitnog materijala s metalnom bazom učvršćen na frezanim metalnim kapicama. Uključena su i mjesta za okluzalne upirače na ključnim mjestima ako se izgube lateralni zubi kako bi se most mogao prenamijeniti u kombinirani rad s mobilnom protezom. Nedostatak zuba u mandibuli nadomješten je klasičnim fiksnim metalkeramičkim mostom.This clinical report describes a fixed maxillary telescopic dental prosthesis (FTDP) employing milled base metal copings and a metal superstructure veneered with composite resin, for the restoration in a periodontally compromised patient with uncontrolled diabetes. The telescopic prosthesis framework design incorporated occlusal rest seats in key positions along the arch in case of future posterior tooth loss, in order to be converted to fixed - removable combination prosthesis. The mandible was restored with a conventional fixed ceramo-metal dental prosthesis

The effect of different pulp capping methods on the intrapulpal temperature when using light-cured procedures

To evaluate the intra-pulpal temperature during different direct pulp capping methods and light-cured procedures. Class I preparations 5 mm long, 4 mm wide and 4 mm deep were performed in extracted third molars, leaving 0.5 mm of dentin at the pulpal fl