Machine learning-based analysis of microplastic-induced changes in anaerobic digestion parameters influencing methane yield

Microplastics (MPs) present significant challenges for anaerobic digestion (AD) processes used in energy recovery from contaminated organic waste. Given that optimal AD conditions vary widely across studies when MPs are present, a robust predictive model is essential to accurately assess these complex effects. This study applied four machine learning algorithms to predict methane yield using two datasets—one with and one without MPs. Among these, gradient boosting regression demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy, with testing R2 values of 0.996 for systems without MP pollution and 0.998 with MP pollution. This model was then further optimized by removing redundant and low-importance features, refining its predictive power. Feature importance analysis revealed that digestion time and substrate organic matter content were key parameters positively correlated with methane production. In the presence of MPs, substrate pH and inoculum total solids emerged as critical factors, with partial dependence plots offering deeper insights into their optimal conditions. This research offers new perspectives on the intricate effects of MPs on methane production, which could inform the optimization of AD processes in environments contaminated by MPs

Identification of a Novel Tumor Microenvironment–Associated Eight-Gene Signature for Prognosis Prediction in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Background: Lung cancer has become the most common cancer type and caused the most cancer deaths. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major types of lung cancer. Accumulating evidence suggests the tumor microenvironment is correlated with the tumor progress and the patient's outcome. This study aimed to establish a gene signature based on tumor microenvironment that can predict patients' outcomes for LUAD. Methods: Dataset TCGA-LUAD, downloaded from the TCGA portal, were taken as training cohort, and dataset GSE72094, obtained from the GEO database, was set as validation cohort. In the training cohort, ESTIMATE algorithm was applied to find intersection differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among tumor microenvironment. Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox regression model were performed on intersection DEGs to preliminarily screen prognostic genes. Besides, the LASSO Cox regression model was implemented to build a multi-gene signature, which was then validated in the validation cohorts through Kaplan-Meier, Cox, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses. In addition, the correlation between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and risk score was evaluated by Spearman test. GSEA and immune infiltrating analyses were conducted for understanding function annotation and the role of the signature in the tumor microenvironment. Results: An eight-gene signature was built, and it was examined by Kaplan-Meier analysis, revealing that a significant overall survival difference was seen. The eight-gene signature was further proven to be independent of other clinico-pathologic parameters via the Cox regression analyses. Moreover, the ROC analysis demonstrated that this signature owned a better predictive power of LUAD prognosis. The eight-gene signature was correlated with TMB. Furthermore, GSEA and immune infiltrating analyses showed that the exact pathways related to the characteristics of eight-genes signature, and identified the vital roles of Mast cells resting and B cells naive in the prognosis of the eight-gene signature. Conclusion: Identifying the eight-gene signature (INSL4, SCN7A, STAP1, P2RX1, IKZF3, MS4A1, KLRB1, and ACSM5) could accurately identify patients' prognosis and had close interactions with Mast cells resting and B cells naive, which may provide insight into personalized prognosis prediction and new therapies for LUAD patients

Real-Time Optimal Scheduling of Multi-Microgrids Considering Renewable Energy Intermittency

Accelerating the penetration of renewable energy (RE) in energy consumption is an important method to realize the promotion of CO2 emission peaking and carbon neutrality. The energy transaction between two microgrids (MGs) makes up for the limitations that a single MG cannot deal well with the intermittence and fluctuation of RE in the real-time scheduling of the system. Multi-microgrids (MMGs) composed of multiple MGs have become an effective supplement to China’s power system. However, extreme weather and natural disasters can easily cause fault shutdown of wind turbines (WTs) and photovoltaics (PVs) in the microgrid (MG). To better balance the flexible load curtailment and satisfaction of MMGs, this paper proposes a coordinated scheduling model for MMGs. This model covers the WT, the PV, the fuel cell (FC), the energy storage system (ESS), and flexible load curtailment. First, the energy management system (EMS) of MMGs collects information on all the distributed generators’ output and three types of loads. The contribution bargaining game is applied to realize the energy transaction between each two MGs. Second, balancing multi-microgrid satisfaction and the profit of each MG is taken as the objective function, and the scheduling strategy of each MG is formulated. Also, an improved optimization method is applied to solve the amount of flexible load curtailment of each MG and realize the reasonable scheduling of MMG in the fault state. In the case study, the superiority of the model and the proposed method has been verified.</jats:p

Inner-shell electron effects in strong-field double ionization of Xe

We investigate theoretically the inner-shell electron effects in strong-field double ionization of Xe by a comparative study with two different three-dimensional semiclassical models, i.e., the widely used helium-like model and an improved Green-Sellin-Zachor (GSZ) model. The enhanced double-ionization signals through sequential ionization and recollision-induced excitation with subsequent field ionization are identified as two origins of the nonstructured pattern in the correlated electron momentum spectrum observed in a recent experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 103001 (2014)]. The relationship between these enhancements and the inner-shell electrons is revealed by back analysis of the classical trajectories.National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2013CBA01502, 2013CB834100]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11374040, 11274051, 11304018, 11475027]; Foundation of President of the China Academy of Engineering Physics [2014-1-029]; CAEP-FESTC [J2014-0401-03]SCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]

A Staring Tracking Measurement Method of Resident Space Objects Based on the Star Tacker

Measuring resident space objects (RSOs) by star trackers has become a research hotspot in space situational awareness. However, the arc length measured by star trackers is too short to complete the high-precision orbit determination of the RSO. In this paper, a staring–tracking measurement (STM) method is proposed to obtain a sufficiently long arc. Firstly, the three-axis attitude calculation model of the satellite is established for tracking RSOs during the staring process. Secondly, an observation method of the RSO location is proposed based on the principle of the angular distance invariance and the imaging mapping function of the star tracker. Finally, the numerical simulations and the ground experiment were conducted to verify the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show that the acquisition time of the measurable arcs is longer than 6 min, and the accuracy of the declination and the ascension can meet the standard for RSO orbit determination. The physical experiment shows that the acquisition time is consistent with that in the simulation. Our work provides a new idea for the realization of high-precision space-based optical measurement.</jats:p

Intensity-dependent two-electron emission dynamics with orthogonally polarized two-color laser fields

In this paper, we explore the intensity-dependent strong-field double ionization of Ne with orthogonally polarized two-color laser pulses consisting of 800- and 400-nm laser fields. The yield of Ne2+ as a function of the relative phase Delta phi of the two colors experiences a qualitative transition as the laser intensity decreases from the saturation regime to the far-below-saturation regime. In the saturation regime, our simulations well reproduce the recent experimental observations [Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 193002 (2014)]. Turning to the far-below-saturation regime, however, we find that the observed small knee structure totally disappears and the maximum yield of Ne2+ is shifted by a pi/2 phase. This is explained by the competition between the trajectory concentration effect and the Delta phi-dependent ionization rate of the tunneling electron. The possibility of controlling over the two-electron emission direction along the 400-nm field through the laser intensity is also investigated. We show that the two-electron emission direction can be reversed by changing the laser intensity for some vales of Delta phi, while this fails for some other values of Delta phi.National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2013CBA01502, 2011CB921503, 2013CB834100]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [11374040, 11274051, 11304018, 11404027, 11475027]; Foundation of President of the China Academy of Engineering Physics [2014-1-029]SCI(E)[email protected]

Design of Matching Imaging on Agile Satellite with Wide-Swath Whiskbroom Payloads along the Coastal Zone

The non-linearly curved coastal zone is very long and wide. The traditional satellite can&rsquo;t cover the whole coastal zone in a single scan. So, the method of matching imaging combining the adjustment of satellite attitude and the scanning of the swing mirror are proposed. Firstly, based on the position of feature points of the coastal zone, the attitude when the optical axis of the satellite always points to the feature points is calculated. According to the width of the sea and land on both sides of the coastline, the parameters of the swing mirror of wide-swath whiskbroom payloads are analyzed. Secondly, the velocity vector model considering time-varying satellite attitude and the dynamic scanning of the swing mirror is constructed. The schemes of matching imaging such as adjustments of yaw angle and detector are developed. Finally, the precise experiment is designed to verify the correctness of the matching imaging. The experimental results show that the resolution of the matching imaging is less than 1 pixel and its modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than the human eye&rsquo;s minimum MTF of 0.026. The method of matching imaging using the adjustment of satellite attitude and the scanning of the swing mirror can realize wide imaging along the coastline and improve the temporal resolution at the same time

Multi-Centroid Extraction Method for High-Dynamic Star Sensors Based on Projection Distribution of Star Trail

To improve the centroid extraction accuracy and efficiency of high-dynamic star sensors, this paper proposes a multi-centroid localization method based on the prior distribution of star trail projections. First, the mapping relationship between attitude information and star trails is constructed based on a geometric imaging model, and an endpoint centroid group extraction strategy is designed from the perspectives of time synchronization and computational complexity. Then, the endpoint position parameters are determined by fitting the star trail grayscale projection using a line spread function, and accurate centroid localization is achieved through principal axis analysis and inter-frame correlation. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method under different dynamic scenarios was tested using numerical simulations and semi-physical experiments. The experimental results show that when the three-axis angular velocity reaches 8°/s, the centroid extraction accuracy of the proposed method remains superior to 0.1 pixels, achieving an improvement of over 30% compared to existing methods and simultaneously doubling the attitude measurement frequency. This demonstrates the superiority of this method in high-dynamic attitude measurement tasks