Towards Graphene Nanoribbon-based Electronics

The successful fabrication of single layer graphene has greatly stimulated the progress of the research on graphene. In this article, focusing on the basic electronic and transport properties of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), we review the recent progress of experimental fabrication of GNRs, and the theoretical and experimental investigations of physical properties and device applications of GNRs. We also briefly discuss the research efforts on the spin polarization of GNRs in relation to the edge states.Comment: 9pages,10figure

Mapping the research of nursing in Parkinson’s disease: a bibliometric and quantitative analysis

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Clinically, the therapeutic strategy of PD could only alleviate the symptoms. Nursing plays a crucial role in providing patient education, symptom management, and psychosocial support. This study aims to analyze the current state and prospects of research in the field of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and its associated nursing care through bibliometric methods to explore the trends that May guide its future development.MethodsLiterature related to Parkinson’s disease and nursing care was systematically searched by the Web of Science database from 1991 to 2023. Quantitative analysis of cooperative networks was conducted using bibliometric tools VOSviewer and CiteSpace.ResultsThe analysis covered 2,649 publications in the field of PD and nursing care, authored by 12,576 researchers from 3,869 institutions across 94 countries. The number of articles has steadily increased over the past 20 years. In this research field, the United States and the United Kingdom emerged as leading countries, and Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen was positioned as an international hub. Movement Disorders was identified as the journal with the highest output and with the most co-citation. Prof. Bastiaan R. Bloem published the most papers in the area, and Prof. Per Odin had the highest average citation. The major fields of these publications are clinical neurology, geriatrics & gerontology, multidisciplinary sciences, and health care sciences & services. Hot topics in the field predominantly revolve around Parkinson’s disease, quality of life, and dementia.ConclusionResearch in Parkinson’s disease and nursing care is experiencing a period of rapid growth, with continuous expansion in research scope and depth of investigation. One of the trends identified is the increasing focus on quality of life and the management of dementia in PD patients, reflecting the importance of these areas in research. The study further suggests that future advancements in the field May rely significantly on strengthening international collaborations and addressing global disparities in resource distribution, particularly by promoting research inclusivity and cooperation among low-resource countries

Дискусії про перспективи запровадження міської реформи 1870 року у Криму

We carried out a trans-ancestry genome-wide association and replication study of blood pressure phenotypes among up to 320,251 individuals of East Asian, European and South Asian ancestry. We find genetic variants at 12 new loci to be associated with blood pressure (P = 3.9 x 10(-11) to 5.0 x 10(-21)). The sentinel blood pressure SNPs are enriched for association with DNA methylation at multiple nearby CpG sites, suggesting that, at some of the loci identified, DNA methylation may lie on the regulatory pathway linking sequence variation to blood pressure. The sentinel SNPs at the 12 new loci point to genes involved in vascular smooth muscle (IGFBP3, KCNK3, PDE3A and PRDM6) and renal (ARHGAP24, OSR1, SLC22A7 and TBX2) function. The new and known genetic variants predict increased left ventricular mass, circulating levels of NT-proBNP, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P = 0.04 to 8.6 x 10(-6)). Our results provide new evidence for the role of DNA methylation in blood pressure regulation

Mechanical and electronic properties of TiO2 nanotubes

The structure, stability, Youngs modulus and electronic band structures of lepidocrocite-type and anatase-type TiO2 nanotubes were investigated using density functional theory calculation. It was found that the anatase-type nanotubes were energetically more favorable than lepidocrocite-type nanotubes when the diameter of nanotube is small, whereas the lepidocrocite-type nanotubes were energetically more favorable when the diameter of nanotube was large. Youngs modulus of TiO2 nanotubes is calculated. The results obtained show that all TiO2 nanotubes have relatively good mechanical properties, and lepidocrocite nanotubes are stronger than anatase nanotubes. Interestingly, it was found that the electronic band structures of TiO2 nanotubes are influenced by the tubular chirality. Lepidocrocite （0, n） and anatase （n, 0） nanotubes are of indirect band gap type, whereas lepidocroctie （n, 0） and anatase （0, n） nanotubes have direct band gaps.</jats:p

Nalbuphine versus dexmedetomidine for treatment of combined spinal-epidural post-anesthetic shivering in pregnant women undergoing cesarean section

Objective This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and side effects of nalbuphine and dexmedetomidine for treatment of combined spinal-epidural anesthetic shivering in women after cesarean section. Methods A total of 120 pregnant women, who underwent elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia, were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized study. These women were randomized into three groups of 40 pregnant women each to receive either saline (group C), nalbuphine 0.07 mg/kg (group N), or dexmedetomidine 0.5 µg/kg (group D) for treatment of shivering after anesthesia. The main outcome measure was a significant reduction in the time required for shivering after intervention. Results The mean time to cessation of shivering in groups N and D was significantly shorter than that in group C (3.5±2.7 and 4.2±3.7 versus 14.5±1.4 minutes). The success rate of shivering treatment and Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scores in groups N and D were significantly higher than those in group C, while the recurrence rate was lower than that in group C. Conclusion Nalbuphine 0.07 mg/kg can be used safely and effectively for shivering in pregnant women under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. </jats:sec

Production of ⁸⁷Rb Bose–Einstein Condensate with a Simple Evaporative Cooling Method*

A Bose–Einstein condensate with a large atom number is an important experimental platform for quantum simulation and quantum information research. An optical dipole trap is the a conventional way to hold the ultracold atoms, where an atomic cloud is evaporatively cooled down before reaching the Bose–Einstein condensate. A carefully designed trap depth controlling curve is typically required to realize the optimal evaporation cooling. We present and demonstrate a simple way to optimize the evaporation cooling in a crossed optical dipole trap. A polyline shape optical power control profile is easily obtained with our method, by which a pure Bose–Einstein condensate with atom number 1.73 × 105 is produced. Theoretically, we numerically simulate the optimal evaporation cooling using the parameters of our apparatus based on a kinetic theory. Compared to the simulation results, our evaporation cooling shows a good performance. We believe that our simple method can be used to quickly realize evaporation cooling in optical dipole traps.</jats:p

Research progress of coherent control of terahertz spin waves and strong coupling in rare-earth orthoferrites

Antiferromagnets (AFM) are promising for future spintronic applications due to their advantageous properties. Antiferromagnets produce no stray fields and are insensitive to external magnetic field perturbations. Furthermore, antiferromagnets show intrinsic high terahertz (THz) frequency dynamics. The THz pulses are a direct and general probe of ultrafast spin dynamics in insulating antiferromagnets. In this review article, we discuss the excitation and control of the antiferromagnetic spin resonances in rare-earth orthoferrites (&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;FeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt; indicates Y and rare-earth element) with the THz electromagnetic pulsetime-domain spectroscopy. We believe that this approach is general and can be applied to a broad range of materials with different AFM spin alignments, giving a novel non-contact approach to probing AFM order with ps temporal resolution. We summarize different quasi-ferromagnetic modes (qFM) and quasi-antiferromagnetic modes (qAFM), as well as the spin reorientation transition temperatures of &lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;FeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. Coherent control of spin waves at THz frequency promises fruitful applications in ultrafast magnetization control and has received increasing attention. It is demonstrated that not only the delay time between the excitation and control THz pulses arriving DyFeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, but also the intrinsic dielectric anisotropy of YFeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; in the THz range allow the coherent control of both the amplitude and the phase of the excited spin waves. Moreover, we outline the current observation of Dicke cooperativity in magnetic interaction of Er&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;Y&lt;sub&gt;1－&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;FeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, which presents a route to understanding, controlling, and predicting novel phases of condensed matter by using the concepts and tools available in quantum optics. Finally, magnon-polaritonsare demonstrated to play a key role in preparing the THz waves through TmFeO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;.</jats:p