Equal Rights for Zombies?: Phenomenal Consciousness and Responsible Agency

Intuitively, moral responsibility requires conscious awareness of what one is doing, and why one is doing it, but what kind of awareness is at issue? Neil Levy argues that phenomenal consciousness—the qualitative feel of conscious sensations—is entirely unnecessary for moral responsibility. He claims that only access consciousness—the state in which information (e.g., from perception or memory) is available to an array of mental systems (e.g., such that an agent can deliberate and act upon that information)—is relevant to moral responsibility. I argue that numerous ethical, epistemic, and neuroscientific considerations entail that the capacity for phenomenal consciousness is necessary for moral responsibility. I focus in particular on considerations inspired by P. F. Strawson, who puts a range of qualitative moral emotions—the reactive attitudes—front and center in the analysis of moral responsibility

Musikarien irudikapena Alfontso X.aren Kantigetako miniaturetan

Erdi Aroko musikariak oso ezezagunak eta ezagunak izan dira aldi berean; izan ere, hauen eginkizunak eta betebeharrak ezagutzen ditugu, baina, zoritxarrez, ez dira hauen kantak eta instrumentuak jotzeko modua gugana iritsi. Zorionez, kontserbatu diren hainbat kodi zeei esker hau sakonago ezagutu ahal dugu eta horietako adibide bat dugu Alfontso X.a Jakintsuaren erregealdian idatzitako Andra Mariaren Kantigak. Kantigetako miniaturetan, zehazki, Kodize Aberatsean agertzen diren musikarien irudikapenak ditugu lan honen ardatza. Kodize hauek Erdi Aroko kodizerik garrantzitsuenetakoak dira, ez bakarrik poesia eta kantuengatik, baizik eta margoturik aurkitzen ditugun miniaturengatik. Hauek Maria goraipatzea dute helburu nagusia eta horretarako, berak egindako mirariak eta gertakizunak kontatuko dira, bere bitartekaritza goraipatuz. Alfontso X.a erregeak oso gustuko zituen kodize hauek; garrantzi handiko datua izango da, bere irudikapena behin eta berriz agertuko delako. Miniaturak XIII.mendeko gizartearen erlijiotasunaren isla garrantzitsua izango dira eta, horretaz gain, musikak zuen garrantzia ere azalduko da. Ikerketa asko egin dira miniatura hauen inguruan, arlo arkeologiko eta artistikoari dagokionez, eta musikarien ikerketek garrantzi handiko lekua izango dute. Musikari hauek garrantzi handikoak izango dira, Kantiga hauek duten helburua helarazteko pertsonaia garrantzitsuak izango direlako. Kodize hauen helburua analfabetoei, miniaturen bidez, doktrina jakin bat helaraztea izango da, Mariaren bitartekaritza zehatza azaltzea hain zuzen ere. Horretarako musikari hauek bost tipologia ezberdinetan banatuko ditugu eta denek lehen aipatu dugun helburua erakustea izango dute eginkizun nagusia. Adierazpen hauetan XIII.mendeko musikari ezberdinak ikusiko ditugu, hau da, juglareak eta trobadoreak agertuko dira. Hauek beraien artean duten ezberdintasuna ere agertuko da eta Erdi Aroko gizartearen isla garrantzitsua izango dira, hauek eguneroko bizitzan gertatutakoa kontatzeaz gain, erlijiotasunari buruz ere kantatuko dute. Ikusiko dugun bezala, kantiga hauek iturri garrantzitsuak izango dira Erdi Aroko gizartea nolakoa zen aztertzeko, baina, horretaz gain, musikarien papera zein zen eta beraien bizitzaren nondik norakoak aztertzeko balioko digute

A phylogeny of Setaria (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paniceae) and related genera based on the chloroplast gene ndhF

The genus Setaria is the largest genus in the so-called bristle clade, a monophyletic group of panicoid grasses distinguished by the presence of sterile branches, or bristles, in their inflorescences. The clade includes both foxtail millet and pearl millet, the latter an important cereal crop in dry parts of the world. Other members of the clade are weeds that are widespread agricultural pests. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies have suggested that Setaria might not be monophyletic but did not have a large enough sample of species to test this rigorously. In addition, taxonomic studies have suggested a close relationship between Setaria and Paspalidium, with some authors combining them into a single genus, but molecular studies included too few Paspalidium accessions for a meaningful conclusion. Accordingly, we have produced 77 new sequences of the chloroplast gene ndhF for 52 species not in previous analyses. These were added to available sequences for 35 species in 10 genera of the bristle clade and four outgroup taxa. We find that Setaria species fall into several moderately to strongly supported clades that correlate with geography but not with the existing subgeneric classification. Relationships among these clades and among other genera within the bristle clade are unclear. Constraint experiments using the approximately unbiased test reject the monophyly of Pennisetum, Setaria, and Setaria plus Paspalidium, as well as several other groupings, although the test may be overly sensitive and prone to Type I error. The more conservative Shimodaira-Hasegawa test fails to reject monophyly of any of the tested clades.Fil: Kellogg, Elizabeth Anne. University of Missouri; Estados UnidosFil: Aliscioni, Sandra Silvina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente. Cátedra de Botánica Agrícola; ArgentinaFil: Morrone, Osvaldo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; ArgentinaFil: Pensiero, Jose Francisco. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Zuloaga, Fernando Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentin

Focalizadores aditivos escalares y posición enunciativa: un estudio contrastivo español / italiano

La correspondencia entre los focalizadores aditivos escalares de polaridad positiva del español (incluso, aun, hasta) y del italiano (perfino/persino, addirittura, anche) es un ámbito del estudio contrastivo entre ambas lenguas que merece mayor atención. En este trabajo se propone un análisis de las funciones discursivas de incluso con la ayuda de un modelo de unidades discursivas (el Modelo de Basilea) con el objetivo de identificar cuáles son sus equivalentes italianos más adecuados en cada caso. Se trata de un estudio basado en dos corpus de textos periodísticos del que se deduce que el equivalente italiano que se corresponde de manera más fiel con incluso es addirittura, mientras que perfino/persino tiene un uso más restringido a los casos en que incluso focaliza un elemento presente en el enunciado.The correspondence between the scalar additive focus adverbs in Spanish (incluso, aun, hasta) and Italian (perfino/persino, addirittura, anche) deserves further research in contrastive studies. In this paper we propose an analysis of the discursive functions of incluso ‘even’, which are described with the help of a model of discursive units (the Basel Model). Our aim is to identify which are the most adequate Italian equivalents in each case. After conducting a corpus-based study on journalistic texts we come to the conclusion that addirittura covers most of the functions of incluso, while perfino/persino is restricted to the focusing of an element which is present in the utterance.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España) FFI2011-2496

Estudio sistemático del género sudamericano Diplolepis (Apocynaceae).

A taxonomic treatment of the genus Diplolepis is here presented. Based on molecular and biogeographical information recently published, this group is monophyletic and its geographical distribution is restricted to southwestern South America. The study comprised the analysis of herbarium specimens including nomenclatural types, supplemented with collections and observation of species in the field. This paper describes the variation in the morphology of the genus, including habit, stems, leaves, inflorescence, calyx, corolla, corona, gynostegium, pollinia, fruits and seeds. The morphological and distributional differences between Diplolepis and related genera are discussed. A key to differentiate the species of the genus is here given. Within each species we provide the valid name, synonyms, description of vegetative and reproductive morphological characters, geographical distribution, ecology, uses, common names, phenology, iconography and specimens examined. A lectotype is designated for D. viridis. Keywords. Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae; morphology; South America; taxonomy.Fil: Hechem, Viviana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque. Centenario. Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aores - CONICET -Instituto P; Argentina;Fil: Ezcurra, Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnol.conicet - Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Invest.en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina;Fil: Zuloaga, Fernando Omar. Consejo Nacional de Invest.cientif.y Tecnicas. Instituto de Botanica Darwinion (i); Argentina

Restauración de Astragalus trifoliatus (Fabaceae)

En esta contribución se intenta clarificar el nombre actual de una especie de Astragalus de Chile, inicialmente descripta como A. trifoliatus por Philippi y luego considerada por Spegazzini bajo A. valparidisiensis. Se concluye que el último nombre es superfluo, por lo que el nombre actual para esta especie endémica, y de distribución restringida, debe ser A. trifoliatus.This contribution intends to clarify the current name of a species of Astragalus from Chile, originally described as A. trifoliatus by Philippi and later considered by Spegazzini as A. valparadisiensis. We concluded that the latter name is a superfluous one, and that the current name of this endemic and restricted species should be A. trifoliatus.Fil: Teillier, S.. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Zuloaga, Fernando Omar. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Academia Nacional de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion; Argentin