Tribological Studies Of Bio-Lubricant Under High Loading Capacity

Increased severity in operating conditions coupled with the environmental and toxicity issues related with using conventional lubricants. In addition to, depletion of petroleum reserves and high prices of fossil fuels, have led to exploration of new kind of natural additives as a bio-lubricant. BP as an agricultural wastes are potential to be developed as bio-oils that to replace the petroleum products, due to their environmentally friendly characteristics, being biodegradable, nontoxic and renewable. The purpose of this study are to produce crude oil from BP as a bio additives in paraffin oil, as well as to determine their physical and tribological properties as bio-lubricant under severe operation conditions to identify their ability for lubrication. In this study, ultrasonic homogenizer had been used to mix the lubricants. Brookfield viscometer had been used to determine viscosity of lubricants under various temperatures, while viscosity index had been determined according to ASTM 02270. Tribological performance of BP as a bio-lubricant was tested using a four-ball test machine under extreme pressure conditions, according to ASTM 02783-03. Various lubricating oils (PO and P0+5%, 20%, 50% of banana peel) were tested. The experiments were run for 30 minutes under 500-1750N range of load. The temperatures were set at 27, 80, 100 °C and the sliding speed was set to 1000 RPM. The wear scar and surface roughness were measured using digital microscope and surface roughness tester, respectively. Statistical approach had been used in this the results analyzed was to identify the ability of BP for lubrication. The results focused on density, viscosity, VI, coefficient of friction, wear scar, wear volume losses, Extreme Pressure (EP) Anti-Wear (AW) properties, welding load and surface roughness, which are the basis of comparison between bio-lubricant and paraffin oil. Experimental results showed significant improvement in overall performance with increased BP content compared with paraffin oil through all parameters mentioned above. The results showed that at 100 °C, 50%BP had achieved a highest rate improved compared with paraffin oil in terms of dynamic and kinematic viscosity at rates 250.3% and 229.7% respectively and VI at rate 310.2%. Meanwhile, at 100 °C, lower value of COF at welding point was 0.086 for 50%BP followed by 20%BP, 5%BP and 1 OO%PO at values 0.089, 0.456 and 0.595 respectively. For A W and EP properties, where rates are increase in mean wear scar diameter and welding load at 100 °C of 50%BP compared with paraffin oil was 67.36% and 44.62% respectively. Values ofwelding loads at 100 oc were 1625 N, 1575 N, 1475 N and 900 N for 50%BP, 20%BP, 5%BP and 1 OO%PO respectively. The results showed that best performance was achieved by mix a 50% ofBP in the mineral oil, where COF and WSO could reach their lowest value in extreme operation conditions. As a results, banana peel as EP and A W adoitives has proven itself able for use in lubrication applications for gears and as engine oils

Molecular investigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mexAB-oprM efflux pump genes from clinical samples and their correlation with antibiotic resistance

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the majority of common opportunistic infections, has become a public health concern, exhibiting intrinsic and acquired resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials. The present work aimed to study the correlation between the P. aeruginosa efflux pump mexAB-oprM genes and antibiotic resistance to different types of antibiotics. All 79 isolates were screened by Pseudomonas chromogenic agar, which was used as a selective medium for the isolation of P. aeruginosa. After incubation at 37°C for 24 hr, the results were confirmed by PCR using specific primer pairs for the 16S rDNA gene of Pseudomonas spp. and P. aeruginosa for identification of the isolates. MexABoprM genes were investigated by PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility test was accomplished according to CLSI-2021 using the disc diffusion method for 13 antibiotics. The results revealed that the antibiotic susceptibility of P. aeruginosa was highly resistant to ceftazidime (93.6%) and cefepime (77.2%). In comparison, high sensitivity for imipenem (77.2%) and meropenem (67%) was observed. The antibiotic resistance patterns revealed that 38% of isolates were MDR multidrug resistant and 41% were non-MDR, and the mexA(65\79), mexB(49\79) and oprM (37\79) genes were distributed as mexA 83.5%, mexB 63.29% and oprM 48.1%, respectively. The present study concluded that mexABoprM may be highly associated with resistance to ceftazidime and cefepime and moderately associated with piperacillin, gentamicin and tobramycin

Molecular detection of mexXY-oprM, mexPQ-opmE Efflux pumps in multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in patients referred to teaching hospitals in Babylon province, Iraq

One of the global health issues is antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a causative agent of bacterial infections due to multidrug resistance (MDR), which may be mediated by efflux pumps' overexpression.The present study investigated the prevalence of mexXY-oprM,  mexPQ-opmE genes as encoding agents of efflux pumps and the determination of antibiotic resistance rate in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.Different clinical specimens of infectious patients, such as wounds, urine, blood, discharge, and abscesses except for stool, were examined. Identification of the isolates was performed using Pseudomonas chromogenic agar. A selective medium for the isolation of P. aeruginosa, used to screen 79 isolates. The results were validated by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing particular primer pairs for the 16S rDNA gene of Pseudomonas spp. for identification of the isolates after incubation at 37°C for 24 hours. According to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2021) recommendations, a microbial susceptibility test was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. P. aeruginosa was extremely resistant to ceftazidime (93.6%) and cefepime (77.2 %).  In contrast, imipenem (77.2%) and meropenem (67%) showed high sensitivity. Finally, mexXY-oprM,  mexPQ-opmE genes were investigated by PCR technique. Molecular investigation revealed mexX 43%, mexY 51.89%, oprM 48.1%,  mexP 36.70% mexQ 46.83% and opmE 51.89%. The present study concluded that mexXY-oprM and mexPQ-opmE may have a role in P. aeruginosa resistance to various antibiotics. Identifying resistant isolates and antibiotic monitoring programs is essential to prevent the spread of MDR isolates

Molecular investigation of cytolysin genes among bacterial isolates recovered from pyospermic patients in Hilla City, Iraq

Enterococcus faecalis and Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are the most common causal agents of urinary tract infections (UTI) and infertility in humans. They secrete many cytolytic toxins that impact sperm functions and spermatogenesis. The current paper aimed to investigate the cytolysins among Bacteriospermia associated bacteria in pyospermic patients. 110 Seminal fluid swabs were collected from pyospermic patients (age Mean±SD, 35.5±2.12 years) from September 2020 to January 2021. All swabs were inoculated on UTI chromogenic medium for primary isolation of bacteria. Then the suspected Es. coli and En. faecalis have been confirmed by PCR using uidA and ddl genes, respectively. The results revealed that Es. coli compile 42.9% of bacteriospermia while En. faecalis 25.71%. Results of PCR for cytolysins reveal that all E. coli isolates have lta, hylA, sta, and stb (100%) genes, sheA (96.7%), stx2 (20%), and stx1(3.3%). All En. faecalis (100%) have Hyl, cylLS, cyILL genes. The current study concludes that both Es.  coli and En. faecalis have a set of toxins with possible damage to sperm function, causing indirect infertility.

Design and implementation monitoring robotic system based on you only look once model using deep learning technique

The need for robotics systems has become an urgent necessity in various fields, especially in video surveillance and live broadcasting systems. This work is aimed to design and implement a robotic system which is based mainly on raspberry pi 4 model B to control this overall system and display a live video by using a webcam (USB camera) as well as using (YOLOv5) you only look once algorithm-version five a deep learning-based object detector to detect, recognize and display objects in real-time. This deep learning algorithm is highly accurate and fast and is implemented by Python, OpenCV, PyTorch codes and the Context Object Detection Task (COCO) 2020 dataset. This robot can move in all directions and in different places especially in undesirable places to transmit live video with a moving camera and process it by the YOLOv5 model. Also, the robot system can receive images, videos, or YouTube links and process them with YOLOv5. Raspberry Pi is controlled remotely by connecting to the network through Wi-Fi locally or publicly using the internet with a remote desktop connection application. The results were very satisfactory and proved the high-performance efficiency of the robot

SWIPT-Pairing Mechanism for Channel-Aware Cooperative H-NOMA in 6G Terahertz Communications

Data Availability Statement: Not applicable.Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. The constraints of 5G communication systems compel further improvements to be compatible with 6G candidate technologies, especially to cope with the limited wavelengths of blockage-sensitive terahertz (THz) frequencies. In this paper integrating cooperative simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and hybrid-non-orthogonal multiple access (H-NOMA) using THz frequency bands are suggested. We investigated and developed an optimal SWIPT-pairing mechanism for the multilateral proposed system that represents a considerable enhancement in energy/spectral efficiencies while improving the significant system specifications. Given the system performance investigation and the gains achieved, in this paper, wireless communication systems were optimized and upgraded, making use of promising technologies including H-NOMA and THz communications. This process aimed to alleviate the THz transmission challenges and improve wireless connectivity, resource availability, processing, robustness, capacity, user-fairness, and overall performance of communication networks. It thoroughly optimized the best H-NOMA pairing scheme for cell users. The conducted results showed how the proposed technique managed to improve energy and spectral efficiencies compared to the related work by more than 75%, in addition to the dynamism of the introduced mechanism. This system reduces the transceivers’ hardware and computational complexity while improving reliability and transmission rates, without the need for complex technologies, e.g., multi-input multi-output or reflecting services.Funding: This research received no external funding

Performance of asphalt pavement containing potential cool paving materials

Asphalt pavement absorbs and stores more heat than natural surfaces. The high surface temperature of the conventional asphalt pavement due to high solar energy absorption, subsequently releases heat into the atmosphere and contributes to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. Previous studies attempt to resolve this issue mainly by using coatings (reflective pavement) and porous asphalt (permeable pavement). However, emphasis was not given on the type of materials used in the asphalt pavement composition. This research aims to produce a cool asphalt mixture based on the modification of asphalt materials that focuses on various waste products. Initially, several samples of asphalt mixtures containing different alternative materials were prepared based on their optical and thermal characteristics. A spectroradiometer was used for indoor measurements of solar reflectance, while an infrared camera and thermocouples were used for outdoor measurements of the surface and internal temperature profiles of the asphalt. The potentially cool paving materials were selected based on the most enhanced thermal properties and highest temperatures decrease compared to conventional sample. In the next phase, the selected materials were then used to modify asphalt and evaluated for microstructural, mechanical, and chemical properties under different ageing conditions (unaged, short-term ageing, and long-term ageing). In the final phase, the slab samples of the selected mixtures were prepared and evaluated in an exposed environmental condition for monitoring their thermal performance, temperature profiles, weather data, and thermophysical parameters, including emissivity and albedo. In addition, the parameters of thermal conductivity and heat capacity were also measured in the laboratory. According to the preliminary test results, the modified asphalt mixtures with waste garnet and coal bottom ash were associated with reduced pavement temperatures compared with conventional pavement at an average of 2°C to 3°C. These materials have also shown their validity as fine aggregates in asphalt pavement by conforming to mechanical, physical and chemical specifications. The thermal performance of asphalt samples containing garnet showed a significant cooling effect followed by bottom ash with better resistance against internal heating and thermophysical properties enhancement. Ageing phenomenon was also discovered to reduce the heat impact as well as the asphalt temperature

Human visualization system based intensive contrast improvement of the collected COVID-19 images

Enhancement and color correction of images play an important role and can be considered as one of the fundamental and basic operations in image analysis for the purpose of speeding up the diagnosis of the medical images. Improving the quality and contrast of the medical image is the basic requirement for clinicians for obtaining an accurate and accurate medical diagnosis. Thus, getting a clear X-ray image reduces the effort and time-wasting. In this study a new idea will be applied for improving image contrast of the collected COVID-19 X-ray images, this idea is based on using Wiener filter, multilevel of histogram equalization (HE) technique with OpenCV library and then using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) techniques with OpenCV library. The proposed methodology programmed in MATLAB software and then implemented using Rasperry Pi 3 model B. The size and resolution of images are different as inputted images and this difference succeeded in proving the strength of the proposed idea. The collected X-ray images have undergone experiential evaluations which clearly showed the effective performance of the proposed methodology

The Effects of Extracted Peptide from Skin of Iraqi Frog (Rana ridibunda) on Human Leukemic Lymphocytes

        The purified frog skin peptides were tested on leukemic patients lymphocytes, which revealed effects of cytotoxicity. Four frogs (Rana ridibunda) were stimulated by single intra-peritoneal injection of norepinephrine-HCl . Five different peptides;1(18) A, 2(19) L, 3(20) I,4(21) E and 5(22) Y were isolated and quantified. The peptide 3(20)I had 5.87% of hemolysis, while healthy human lymphocytes cytotoxic activity was for 2(19)L with inhibition( -10.4%).All peptides were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results revealed peptides 1(18)A, 2(19)L, 3(20)I which appeared as low as 10 KDa  marker. Theoretically, the whole polypeptide had a molecular weight 7488.61 Dalton and contained on 62.405 amino acid (a.a). The peptide 4(21)E had a highest inhibitory effect(46%) on tumor cell line L20B. Furthermore , peptides effects on acute  and  chronic  myeloid  lymphocytic  leukemia  patients cell cultures  revealed  peptides selectivity  in  their  action according  to  their net charge  and functional  group as  reactant  proton  donor by the  evidence  of peptide 5(22)Y, 16.22 Dalton  so  it  was  either N—terminus (--NH2) or  C—terminus (--OH)  that  led  to  cross  cell  membrane then acted as antigen mediated and activated  cells in a high significant  value (-142.37± 47.69)for acute myeloid  lymphocytic leukemia .Both  of peptides  3(20) I  and  2(19) L were revealed  a  highly significant  differences  within  Chr.40  and Chr. 22 of  inhibition  effects  by testing  volumes 15 µl and 10 µl . Those inhibition  effects  were due to  peptides  reaction  with  mitochondrial  membrane  which  led  to apoptosis . Conclusion; Frog skin peptides have a therapeutically worth for malignant diseases. Also some of peptides were activated lymphocytes may to cure immunodeficiency