The influence of degeneracy on the emitter efficiency of a bipolar transistor

An expression for the emitter efficiency is derived taking the degeneracy of the emitter into account. It is found that, even if there is no recombination of minority carriers in the emitter, degeneracy reduces the emitter efficiency. In addition this first order theory explains experimental results on temperature dependence of current gain and predicts an optimum emitter design for a fixed type of emitter profile

GAMBARAN KEJADIAN SOLUSIO PLASENTA PADA PRIMIPARA DAN MULTIPARA DI RS PKU MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA 1 JANUARI 2000 – 30 APRIL 2010

Angka Kematian Ibu tahun 2005 sebesar 252 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup (Dinkes Jateng, 2005). Angka tersebut masih cukup jauh dari tekad pemerintah yang menginginkan penurunan angka kematian maternal menjadi 125 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup untuk tahun 2010. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran kejadian solusio plasenta pada primipara dan multipara di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan desain penelitian deskriptif nonanalitik. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 6 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Insidensi solusio plasenta di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta sebesar 1: 1915 persalinan atau 0,05 0/00. Terdapat 6 kasus solusio plasenta yang terbagi atas 2 primipara dan 4 multipara. Terdapat 2 responden didiagnosa IUFD, karena terlambat dirujuk ke rumah sakit. 2 responden yang didiagnosa IUFD dan anemia. Terdapat 6 responden penelitian, 4 bayi lahir dalam kondisi mati dan 2 bayi hidup

Intracerebral delivery of Carboplatin in combination with either 6 MV Photons or monoenergetic synchrotron X-rays are equally efficacious for treatment of the F98 rat glioma.

International audienceABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to compare side-by-side the therapeutic efficacy of a 6-day infusion of carboplatin, followed by X-irradiation with either 6 MV photons or synchrotron X-rays, tuned above the K-edge of Pt, for treatment of F98 glioma bearing rats. METHODS: Carboplatin was administered intracerebrally (i.c.) to F98 glioma bearing rats over 6 days using AlzetTM osmotic pumps starting 7 days after tumor implantation. Radiotherapy was delivered in a single 15 Gy fraction on day 14 using a conventional 6 MV linear accelerator (LINAC) or 78.8 keV synchrotron X-rays. RESULTS: Untreated control animals had a median survival time (MeST) of 33 days. Animals that received either carboplatin alone or irradiation alone with either 78.8 keV or 6 MV had a MeSTs 38 and 33 days, respectively. Animals that received carboplatin in combination with X-irradiation had a MeST of > 180 days with a 55% cure rate, irrespective of whether they were irradiated with either 78.8 KeV synchrotron X-rays or 6MV photons. CONCLUSIONS: These studies have conclusively demonstrated the equivalency of i.c. delivery of carboplatin in combination with X-irradiation with either 6 MV photons or synchrotron X-rays

Structure–function relations in diF-TES-ADT blend organic field effect transistors studied by scanning probe microscopy

We develop structure–property relations for organic field effect transistors using a polymer/small-molecule blend active layer. An array of bottom gate, bottom contact devices using a polymeric dielectric and a semiconductor layer of 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diF-TES-ADT) is described and shown to have good device-to-device uniformity. We describe the nucleation and growth processes that lead to the formation of four structurally distinct regimes of the diF-TES-ADT semiconductor film, including evidence of layer-by-layer growth when spin-coated onto silver electrodes and an organic dielectric as part of a polymer blend. Devices exhibiting a maximum saturation mobility of 1.5 cm2 V−1 s−1 and maximum current modulation ratio (Ion/Ioff) of 1.20 × 105 are visualised by atomic force microscopy and appear to have excellent domain connectivity and aligned crystallography across the channel. In contrast, poorly performing devices tend to show a phase change in semiconductor crystallinity in the channel centre. These observations are enhanced by direct visualisation of the potential drop across the channel using Kelvin probe microscopy, which confirms the importance of large, well-aligned and well-connected semiconductor domains across the transistor channel

Exploring Connections Between Social Anxiety and Social Media Use in College Students

When young adults enter college their identity and self-esteem are tested in a novel environment. Interacting, forming new relationships, having some sense of independence for the first time, and often living in a new area can take a toll on someone who has not sufficiently developed a stable identity. This, in-turn, may create a negative outlook on one’s self and the individual’s capabilities to participate in social interaction, or ultimately a desire to avoid them altogether. If such a negative view further intensifies and remains present, it may develop into social anxiety disorder. Social media can either alleviate or escalate these feelings of anxiety based on how it is utilized by the individual. The individual may become compulsive with their internet use, for example, or focus more on websites where an unauthentic reality is portrayed. Each of these factors may have an effect on social anxiety within the individual. Results from this study indicated that social anxiety was positively correlated with higher levels of internet use and compulsivity of internet use. Contrary to the study’s expectations, social anxiety increased with higher levels of media consumption that is considered to be authentic, such as YouTube, Tumblr, Gaming, or Chatrooms. Exploratory research indicated that females had significantly higher levels of social anxiety than males, as well as higher levels of fear of negative evaluation, and social avoidance and distress

Orientalism in Dune: A literary analysis of the use of Orientalism and Orientalist tropes in Frank Herbert's Dune

An investigation into the use of Orientalism in Dune and the political/philosophical critiques of Frank Herbert.Plan II Honors Progra