EFSA BIOHAZ Panel (EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards), 2013. Scientific Opinion on the public health hazards to be covered by inspection of meat (bovine animals).

A risk ranking process identified Salmonella spp. and pathogenic verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) as current high-priority biological hazards for meat inspection of bovine animals. As these hazards are not detected by traditional meat inspection, a meat safety assurance system for the farm-to-chilled carcass continuum using a risk-based approach was proposed. Key elements of the system are risk-categorisation of slaughter animals for high-priority biological hazards based on improved food chain information, as well as risk-categorisation of slaughterhouses according to their capability to control those hazards. Omission of palpation and incision during post-mortem inspection for animals subjected to routine slaughter may decrease spreading and cross-contamination with the high-priority biological hazards. For chemical hazards, dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls were ranked as being of high potential concern; all other substances were ranked as of medium or lower concern. Monitoring programmes for chemical hazards should be more flexible and based on the risk of occurrence, taking into account the completeness and quality of the food chain information supplied and the ranking of chemical substances, which should be regularly updated to include new hazards. Control programmes across the food chain, national residue control programmes, feed control and monitoring of environmental contaminants should be better integrated. Meat inspection is a valuable tool for surveillance and monitoring of animal health and welfare conditions. Omission of palpation and incision would reduce detection effectiveness for bovine tuberculosis and would have a negative impact on the overall surveillance system especially in officially tuberculosis free countries. The detection effectiveness for bovine cysticercosis, already low with the current meat inspection system, would result in a further decrease, if palpation and incision are removed. Extended use of food chain information could compensate for some, but not all, the information on animal health and welfare lost if only visual post-mortem inspection is applied

IL CONSOLE(The Consul) Dramma musicale in tre atti - Libretto e Musica di Gian Carlo Menotti -Versione in lingua inglese.

Dramma musicale in tre atti, rappresentato al Teatro Regio di Torino in un nuovo allestimento l’11 aprile 2006. Stagione lirica 2005-2006. […] Le Moli, nel rimettere in scena l'opera di Menotti cosa l'ha colpita di più […]? «Sicuramente il fatto che in quegli anni l'opera è stata vista come espressione contro le dittature dell'Est, contro il razzismo, sentimento ancor oggi comune in gran parte del mondo. […] La mia idea è che si tratta di una società malata. Per questo ho pensato di fare una regia non dal punto di vista della vittima, ma della cecità del carnefice. Per combattere il quale bisogna essere altrettanto forti». Nell'opera di Menotti il carnefice è il capo della polizia segreta. «Esattamente. Il quale dice ai suoi sgherri: ''Dovete agire sul cuore delle vittime con crudeltà, fino a portarle al suicidio. Estremo sacrificio che la vittima, moglie del clandestino, compie, schiacciata da una brutalità inesorabile».[...] «La vittima che si trova in queste condizioni è anche ingenua, si convince che il Paese che la ospita sia un Paese amico. Ma il Paese ospitante non sempre può dichiarare amicizia verso coloro che chiedono asilo. La storia non cambia, è attualissima». […] (Armando Caruso a colloquio con il regista Walter Le Moli, La Stampa 09-04-2006

Per un bilancio critico del dibattito sorto intorno a Un’età contro la storia. Saggio sulla rivoluzione del XXI secolo

In his comment to the debate risen on his essay about globalization and crisis of “historical thought”, Giuseppe Carlo Marino replies the previous comments by recalling their principal theoretical nodes and by developing the emerging points of the several contributions. Through a deep study of the principal questions dealt in the essay, Marino suggests interesting vision and poses innovative interpretations of the contemporanean world at the light of the events and political economical and cultural evolutions of the recent history

Virtual reality for sensorimotor rehabilitation post stroke: design principles and evidence

n the recent years, the use of virtual reality (VR) to enhance motor skills of persons with activity and participation restriction due to disease or injury has been become an important area of research. In this chapter, we describe the design of such VR systems and their underlying principles, such as experience-dependent neuroplasticity and motor learning. Further, psychological constructs related to motivation including salience, goal setting, and rewards are commonly utilized in VR to optimize motivation during rehabilitation activities. Hence, virtually simulated activities are considered to be ideal for (1) the delivery of specifi c feedback, (2) the a bility to perform large volumes of training, and (3) the presentation of precisely calibrated diffi culty levels, which maintain a high level of challenge throughout long training sessions. These underlying principles are contrasted with a growing body of research comparing the effi cacy of VR with traditionally presented rehabilitation activities in persons with stroke that demonstrate comparable or better outcomes for VR. In addition, a small body of literature has utilized direct assays of neuroplasticity to evaluate the effects of virtual rehabilitation interventions in persons with stroke. Promising developments and fi ndings also arise from the use of off-the-s helf video game systems for virtual rehabilitation purposes and the integration of VR with robots and brain-computer interfaces. Several challenges limiting the translation of virtual rehabilitation into routine rehabilitation practice need to be addressed but the fi eld continues to hold promise to answer key issues faced by modern healthcare.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio