MICROBIAL ASSESSMENT OF HERBAL DRUGS AVAILABLE IN LOCAL MARKET OF LAHORE

The present work was carried out considering the increased use of herbal products as alternative medicines in Pakistan. It is necessary to set appropriate standards for microorganisms in herbal drugs in order to reduce the risks for consumers' health.</jats:p

EFFECT OF CULTURAL CONDITION ON PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM ROTTEN APPLE WASTE BY SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE STRAINING

The present study describes the ethanol fermentation from apple waste by locally isolated yeast strain. Fifteen yeast strains were isolated from soil and apples. The culture with maximum ethanol production (8.3%) was identified and designated as Saccharomyces cerevisiae LCY-08</jats:p

Capitalizing Trees for Carbon Sequestration as a Co-Benefit of Biophilic Urbanism

Biophilic urbanism as an emerging paradigm in the design field has initiated various patterns of naturebased mutation. One of the most associated environmental benefits of this amalgamation of nature in urban design is carbon sequestration [CS]. The main focus of this research was to quantify the potential of trees to act as carbon reservoirs. It was investigated by assessing the roles of several tree parameters, such as diameter at breast height [DBH], height, biomass, and age in CS. A comparison of native and exotic trees was also done for this. In a field survey at Jilani Park, Lahore, 16 different families of trees (N = 115) were measured through a non-destructive method and CS was calculated. The results revealed that sample trees sequestered 588452.9 kg of carbon with an annual rate of 19998.92 kg and Combretaceae (M = 11813.65, SD = 6492.38) and Moraceae (M = 9909.93, SD = 12695.26) were the dominant families in doing so. The Pearson’s correlation and linear regression analyses indicated that biomass and DBH have a significant positive relationship with CS, r = 0.100, R2 = 0.99, and r = 0.943, R2 = 0.89, respectively. The independent-sample t-test revealed a significant difference in CS capacity between native and exotic trees, with t (67.626) = 3.016, p =.004, and the greater biomass and DBH of native trees were the distinguishable factors. To conclude, trees are the most efficient source of carbon attenuation in the urban environment, and native species have an advantage in this process. This study will inspire new endeavours in research related to the benefits of biophilic cities. </jats:p