A Study on Ethical Leadership in Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Based on a review of empirical literature on ethical leadership in Korea, we summarize the current research trends and analyze the integrated relationships among leader-, follower-, situational-factors and ethical leadership using meta-analytic techniques to propose a set of future research agendas on ethical leadership in Korea. Based on 90 independent ethical leadership related studies published in Korean journals in social sciences disciplines, our meta-analysis results show that there is a strong relationship between follower-related factors and ethical leadership. In particular, our meta-analytic results indicate that leaderfollower interpersonal variables (i.e., LMX, trust) and in-role and extra-role performance variables (i.e., task performance, OCB, creativity, and deviance-unethical behavior) have significant relationships with ethical leadership. Further, we examine these relationships by exploring several potential moderators such as measurement of ethical leadership, research design (independence of data sources, time-related research design), and research context (nation of data sample, type of organization). Along with implications of these findings and study limitations, we discuss the future research directions for ethical leadership scholarship in Korea.</jats:p

Immediate and Long-Term Outcomes of Reperfusion Therapy in Patients With Cancer

Background and Purpose: Patients with acute stroke are often accompanied by comorbidities, such as active cancer. However, adequate treatment guidelines are not available for these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between cancer and the outcomes of reperfusion therapy in patients with stroke. Methods: We compared treatment outcomes in patients who underwent reperfusion therapy, using a nationwide reperfusion therapy registry. We divided the patients into 3 groups according to cancer activity: active cancer, nonactive cancer, and without a history of cancer. We investigated reperfusion processes, 24-hour neurological improvement, adverse events, 3-month functional outcome, and 6-month survival and related factors after reperfusion therapy. Results: Among 1338 patients who underwent reperfusion therapy, 62 patients (4.6%) had active cancer, 78 patients (5.8%) had nonactive cancer, and 1198 patients (89.5%) had no history of cancer. Of the enrolled patients, 969 patients received intravenous thrombolysis and 685 patients underwent endovascular treatment (316 patients received combined therapy). Patients with active cancer had more comorbidities and experienced more severe strokes; however, they showed similar 24-hour neurological improvement and adverse events, including cerebral hemorrhage, compared with the other groups. Although the functional outcome at 3 months was poorer than the other groups, 36.4% of patients with active cancer showed functional independence. Additionally, 52.9% of the patients with determined stroke etiology showed functional independence despite active cancer. During the 6-month follow-up, 46.6% of patients with active cancer died, and active cancer was independently associated with poor survival (hazard ratio, 3.973 [95% CI, 2.528–6.245]). Conclusions: In patients with active cancer, reperfusion therapy showed similar adverse events and short-term outcomes to that of other groups. While long-term prognosis was worse in the active cancer group than the nonactive cancer groups, not negligible number of patients had good functional outcomes, especially those with determined stroke mechanisms. </jats:sec