Immunological markers in the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases in children

Objective. To study the specificities of autoimmune response in children suffering from Crohn's disease and interrelationships between autoagression parameters. Patients and methods. We examined 62 patients aged 2–17 years with a confirmed diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. The examination included flow cytometric immunophenotyping of lymphocytes, examination of serum concentrations of total and specific immunoglobulins IgE against allergens of the fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay – ELISA), circulating immune complexes (CICs), concentrations of autoantibodies (AB) against S. cerevisiae (ASCA) IgA and IgG, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic AB (ANCA MPO, ANCA PR3), antinuclear AB (ANAs), AB against DNAds, DNAss, autoantibodies against antigens of the small and large intestines, and the pancreas (ELISA). Results. Activation of helper T cells, decreased NK cell levels, higher levels of γδ-Т cells were detected. Specific IgЕ against к S. cerevisiae could be noted in 70.9% of patients. In 35.5% of cases, higher levels of ASCA (IgA, IgG) were found. Blood concentrations of AB against DNAds, DNAss exceeded the norm in 4.8 and 16.1% of patients, respectively. Higher levels of CICs were found in 20 (32.3%) of patients. ANAs concentrations corresponded to the norm. Strong positive correlations between many parameters of autoimmune response are indicative of the intensity of the immunopathological process in CD. Conclusion. Immunological diagnosis in CD is necessary for assessing the severity of disease, for optimization of differential diagnosis, establishment of a prognosis and selection of individual therapy for regulation of immune responses. Key words: autoantibodies, Crohn’s disease, immunodiagnosis, immunophenotyping of lymphocytes</jats:p

META-TECHNOLOGIES OF BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL CONSULTING IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main principles of business and professional consulting as a practice of interpersonal relations and the being of its subjects. The main problems of clients connected with violations of their intrapersonal and interpersonal relations, as well as relations to their own life (being) in general, subjects of business consulting as participants in business processes and life, in general, are considered. The purpose of the study is to analyze the basic principles or meta-technologies of business and professional consulting in educational organizations. The article summarizes the basic concepts and concepts of business and professional consulting, reflecting its meaning as helping the socio-psychological practice of developing people and educational organizations. Relying on the tetrad of principles of psychological counselling, isolated in the school of C.R. Rogers, as well as the leading principles of organizational counselling in educational organizations, the authors consider their manifestations and features in the main aspects and dimensions of advisory interaction. Traditionally, such dimensions are distinguished: power/management system, competence/experience system, love/system of relations. Each of these dimensions is associated with one or another intention of consultative relations in educational organizations: transformational, dialogical, and relational. Within each of these intentions, the basic principles of business and professional consulting in educational organizations are manifested as meta-technologies or meta-technology groups. In addition, the authors consider the principles of business and professional consulting in educational organizations in relation to the life of the consultant and the client as a whole, as "meta-technologies of life".</jats:p

PECULIARITIES OF SARS-COV-2 NUCLEOCAPSID IN CHILDREN DURING THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC OF 2020

The aim of the study is to summarize the results of a study of seroprevalence of children to SARS-CoV-3, obtained during the implementation of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess seroprevalence to the NC antigen SARS-CoV-2 of the population of 26 regions of the Russian Federation, conducted during the COVID-19 epidemic in 2020. Research methods: the study of seroprevalence in 26 model territories of the Russian Federation was carried out according to a unified methodology developed by Rospotrebnadzor with the participation of the St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The method provided for the formation of a group of volunteers in a model federative entity, including children aged 1–17 years, in which the presence of antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid was determined in venous blood plasma by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The examination of volunteers was carried out in 3 stages: June-August, September-October, December. Results: the study found that in most of the areas surveyed, children had a higher level of seroprevalence than adults. It is shown that high seroprevalence is accompanied by statistically significant decrease in morbidity (p0.05). The analysis of seroprevalence at all three stages revealed at least 3 variants of its dynamics: 1) continuous growth of seroprevalence in parallel with the development of the epidemic process; 2) an episodic change in the periods of increase and decrease in the level of seroprevalence; 3) a continuous decrease in seroprevalence at the level of the epidemic process. Comparative determination of seroconversion levels in three age groups – 1–6, 7–13 and 14–17 years – revealed no statistically significant differences between these age groups have been identified. Conclusion: children aged 1–17 years in most of the surveyed territories of the Russian Federation have a higher seroprevalence to SARS-CoV2 than adults. The increase in seroprevalence in children is accompanied by a decrease in the incidence of COVID-19.</jats:p

SERPENCELESSNESS OF ANTIBODIES TO SARS-CoV-2 IN CHILDREN AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Objective: to study the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (AB) in children in the 2nd year of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. Materials and methods: prospective cohort study. The seroprevalence research was conducted among 3670 children aged 1 to 17 y/o from 26 modelling regions of Russia (that have been participating earlier in the five stages of seromonitoring during 2020-2021). The serological testing was carried out in December, 2021. The work was carried out according to a unified methodology set by the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being with the Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology (Saint Petersburg, Russia). The plasma was obtained from 3 ml of venous blood, in which the level of AB to nucleocapsid (NC), and the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) was determined by immunoferment method using reagents for qualitative and quantitative analysis. Results: the analysis of AB seroprevalence to NC and RBD showed the statistically significant increase in the share of seropositivity to RBD in children of all modelling regions (p&lt;0.05). The most seropositive volunteers contained low levels of AB: 31.3-125.6 BAU/ml NC and 22.6-220 BAU/ml RBD. An increase in the level of AB to NC and RBD was accompanied by a decrease in the percentage of seropositive patients. Evaluating the contribution of children to the level of humoral immunity, convalescents (had been ill shortly before the examination), the “anamnesis” (had been ill at previous stages of seromonitoring) and asymptomatic (had been asymptomatically ill) groups were distinguished. The maximum contribution was made by children with asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 in anamnesis: in 82.3% (95% CI 81.1-83.6), of which 76.9% (95% CI 75.5-78.3) AB detected to RBD. The contribution of children of two other groups to the overall level of humoral immunity was 33 times less. Conclusion: statistically significant predominance of AB to RBD above AB to NC and their main contribution to the level of humoral immunity to SARS-CоV-2 (p&lt;0.001).</jats:p