Foreign Satellite Viewing Cards and English Premier League Football: Implications of Recent Judgments for the Consumer

This article examines the impact of the outcome of a number of recently concluded judicial proceedings in the English courts and at the Court of Justice of the European Union on the use by consumers of foreign satellite television viewing cards. The article observes that while much focus has been placed on the effect of the outcome of the relevant cases on publicans and other commercial entities, not much attention has been placed on potentially serious implications that the cases have for private consumers. The article highlights difficulties with the interpretation adopted in respect of section 297(1) of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. In particular the article highlights the dichotomy that while use of a viewing card issued by a satellite television provider based or pursuing economic activities in the European Union is legal, using a similar card issued by an entity based outside the EU could potentially be a criminal act. The article also discusses the impact on consumers of the decision of the courts on the civil law elements relating to copyright infringement and provides a careful analysis of salient elements of the proceedings in both the Court of Justice and the English courts

Corporate social responsibility, multinational corporations and the law in Nigeria: controlling multinationals in host states

Copyright @ School of Oriental and African Studies.There is a general perception that home jurisdictions in vulnerable areas are powerless when it comes to the control of multinational corporations. While this assertion is largely correct, this article argues that there cannot be effective control of multinational corporations (“MNCs”) at international, regional or private level without the corresponding development of an effective minimum institutional framework at the domestic level. This article examines the Nigerian legal framework for the regulation of MNCs with a view to underlining the weaknesses in the domestic forum, and also examines the prospects for enhancing the capacity of a domestic framework for the effective control of MNCs. The article argues that, while corporate social responsibility practice by MNCs is becoming well entrenched, this development cannot replace the need for effective host state regulation. The article focuses on company law and human rights law and suggests viable possibilities within the local context that may enhance the control of MNCs

An Integrability Condition for Simple Lie Groups II

It is shown that a simple Lie group $G$ ($\neq {\rm SL}_2$) can be locally characterised by an integrability condition on an $\operatorname{Aut}(\mathfrak{g})$ structure on the tangent bundle, where $\operatorname{Aut}(\mathfrak{g})$ is the automorphism group of the Lie algebra of $G$. The integrability condition is the vanishing of a torsion tensor of type $(1,2)$. This is a slight improvement of an earlier result proved in [Min-Oo M., Ruh E.A., in Differential Geometry and Complex Analysis, Springer, Berlin, 1985, 205-211]

Interacting two-state Markov chains on undirected networks

It is shown that irreducible two-state continuous-time Markov chains interacting on a network in a bilinear fashion have a unique stable steady state. The proof is elementary and uses the relative entropy function.Comment: 9 pages; minor typos correcte

Cohomogeneity One Special Lagrangian Submanifolds in the Deformed Conifold

In this paper we describe the cohomogeneity one special Lagrangian 3-folds in the cotangent bundle of the 3-sphere, also known in the physics literature as a deformed conifold. Our main result gives a global foliation of the deformed conifold by T^2-invariant special Lagrangian 3-folds, where the generic leaf is topologically T^2 X R. In the limit, these special Lagrangians asymptotically approach a special Lagrangian cone on a torus in the conifold. Using moment map techniques we also recover the family of SO(n)-invariant special Lagrangian n-folds in the cotangent bundle of the n-sphere obtained by H. Anciaux.Comment: 22 pages, 2 figure

The half-lives of biological activity of some pesticides in water

In the absence of analytical methods, the half-lives of biological activity of pesticides can be estimated by bioassays. To determine the half-lives of biological acivity of pesticides to fish, static bioassays were conducted in the laboratory with ten different formulations of pesticides using Labeo rohita as a bio-indicator. The half-lives of biological activity for ten different pesticides in soft water at pH 7.5 and 27°C, ranged from 4.6 days to 11.8 days. The half-life of biological activity of Sumithion 50% EC was only 4.6 days. In contrast, Dimecron 50% EC degraded very slowly and its half-life of biological activity on L. rohita was about 11.8 days. Sumithion 50% EC, Padan 50% SP, EPN 45% EC, Diazinon 40% EC and Diazinon 10 G degraded in less than five to seven days indicating that these pesticides are desirable for rice-fish culture. Contamination by pesticides with long-term residual toxicity in waters may eventually cause high levels of fish mortality

Measuring the economic impact of climate change on crop production in the dry zone of Myanmar : a Ricardian approach

Myanmar is the country with the highest economic vulnerability (EV) to climate change in the Southeast Asian region. The dry zone of Myanmar occupies two-thirds of the agricultural lands and it has higher temperatures than elsewhere in the country. Climate change has severe impacts on agricultural production in this region. Moreover, changes in the precipitation patterns increase the likelihood of crop failures in the short-run and production declines in the long run. Therefore, an assessment of the economic impacts of climate change on crop production in the dry zone of Myanmar is very relevant. This paper examines the interactions between agriculture and climate and assesses the economic impact of climate change while using a Ricardian model. A cross-sectional survey covering three regions in the central dry zone: (Magwe, Mandalay, and Sagaing regions) was conducted, yielding a sample of 425 farmers. A non-linear relationship between climate indicators (temperature and precipitation) and revenue of land was found. The marginal effects were calculated by selecting economic and socio-demographic variables. The estimated marginal impacts suggest that the projected changes in temperature will affect the crop productivity of the region. The results also show that the temperature and rainfall components of global warming are both important. Predictions from three global circulation models all confirm that temperature is predicted to increase in all seasons. A significant marginal impact of increasing temperature on the net revenue of farm households was observed in the region. These findings call for policy makers and development planners to articulate the necessary climate change adaptation measures and mitigation options for reducing the negative impacts of climate change. Improved management and conservation of the available water resources could generate water for irrigation purposes and the dissemination of climate smart agricultural practices could lessen the negative impacts of climate change effects on agriculture in the dry zone of Myanmar