Geomagnetically trapped alpha particles

Geomagnetically trapped alpha particles from Injun IV satellite measurement

Absolute FKBP binding affinities obtained via non-equilibrium unbinding simulations

We compute absolute binding affinities for two ligands bound to the FKBP protein using non-equilibrium unbinding simulations. The methodology is straight-forward, requiring little or no modification to many modern molecular simulation packages. The approach makes use of a physical pathway, eliminating the need for complicated alchemical decoupling schemes. Results of this study are promising. For the ligands studied here the binding affinities are typically estimated within less than 4.0 kJ/mol of the target values; and the target values are within less than 1.0 kJ/mol of experiment. These results suggest that non-equilibrium simulation could provide a simple and robust means to estimate protein-ligand binding affinities.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures (no necessary color). Changes made to methodology and results between revision

Well-defined silica-supported olefin metathesis catalysts

Two triethoxysilyl-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized and used to prepare the corresponding second-generation ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts. These complexes were then grafted onto silica gel, and the resulting materials were efficient heterogeneous catalysts for a number of metathesis reactions. The solid-supported catalysts were shown to be recyclable over a number of reaction cycles, and no detectable levels of ruthenium were observed in reaction filtrates (ruthenium concentration of filtrate <5 ppb)

Solar particle observations inside the magnetosphere during the 7 July 1966 event

Injun satellite observations of solar particles inside magnetospher

Observations of the solar particle event of 5 to 12 February 1965 with Mariner IV AND Injun IV

Solar energetic particle intensities obtained with Mariner IV and Injun IV during 5-12 February 1965 cosmic ray even

Observation of about 500 KeV protons in interplanetary space with Mariner IV

Mariner IV observations of protons in interplanetary spac

Impulsive emission of approximately 40 KeV electrons from the sun

Impulsive emission of high energy electrons from sun and diffusive propagation through interplanetary medium observed by Mariner IV PARTICLE detector

Observation of approximately 500 KeV protons in interplanetary space with Mariner IV

Proton detection of approximately 500 KeV kinetic energy by Mariner IV Space Probe during interplanetary fligh

Absence of martian radiation belts and implications thereof

Absence of electrons in Mars atmosphere and implications thereo