Analysis of the Performance of Moisture Reduction Rate in a Horizontal Mill Type Coffee Dryer Using a Suction Blower

Coffee, originating in the 9th century Ethiopia and later expanding across North Africa and tropical regions globally, remains a crucial commodity. Indonesia, recognized for its robust coffee industry, ranks third worldwide in production, contributing 8% of the global supply. However, the drying process poses challenges to Indonesian farmers due to traditional methods and variable weather conditions. This research aims to evaluate a coffee dryer utilizing forced convection with a suction blower to optimize drying parameters for coffee beans. The study employs a horizontal mill dryer with a heated drum for drying experiments. Results demonstrate that the dryer effectively reduces the moisture content of post-harvest coffee cherries to 2%. In the initial test, 20 kg of coffee dried over 7.5 hours at 75℃ decreased from 61.66% to 5.3% moisture, while a subsequent test with 17 kg dried over 4 hours reduced from 36% to 2% moisture content. The findings conclude that the suction blower-equipped dryer meets Indonesian National Standards (SNI), achieving the requisite 12% moisture content for post-harvest coffee

Repair of Wire Feeder Gears in a 1300-Watt MIG Welding Machine Using Reverse Engineering Technology

Material failure is a common occurrence in components subjected to continuous loads, often due to fatigue. In the MIG 1300-watt welding machine, the wire feeder gear transmission process continuously distributes energy, leading to eventual material failure. This failure disrupts the transmission of rotation to the feeder shaft, causing the wire exiting the torch to slip. To address this issue, reverse engineering technology is applied using computer-aided design (CAD), finite element analysis (FEA) assisted by computer-aided engineering (CAE), and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), culminating in the production of prototypes with 3D printing technology. This research aims to repair the wire feeder gears by leveraging reverse engineering technology, which includes redrawing the gears and implementing developmental modifications using CAD/CAM tools. These modifications are then analyzed through FEA with CAE assistance, and the final prototype is produced using an Anet A8 V2 3D printer with Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) material

Heat Transfer Analysis of Sandwich Plate System Application As Insulation Material for Fishing Vessels Hatches by Finite Element Method

Fish is a highly perishable food due to its suitability as a substrate for the growth of spoilage microbes, particularly bacteria. One method to maintain fish quality and extend its shelf life is preservation through a cooling system, where the duration of effective storage in the hatch is influenced by the quality of the insulation wall. Previous research modified the hatch insulation wall using a rice husk and white cement composition; however, these materials proved neither effective nor efficient in maintaining cooling temperatures. This study aims to determine the effect of heat transfer in a sandwich plate system on cooling time and temperature. Experiments were conducted using three variations in core layer thickness within a stainless steel-polyurethane-stainless steel configuration. The results indicated that at a temperature of 4°C, the maximum cooling times for each core layer thickness variation were as follows: variation 1 (3-20-3mm) lasted 62.5 hours, variation 2 (3-25-3mm) lasted 64 hours, and variation 3 (3-30-3mm) lasted 65.5 hours. The findings demonstrate that an increase in core layer thickness results in a prolonged maintenance of the cooling temperature within the hatch

Development of a Special Service Tool for Hydraulic Piston Maintenance on Excavator PC 210-10M0

Excavators are essential machinery widely utilized in mining, construction, plantation, and other industries. The Komatsu PC210-10M0, a small-sized excavator model, performs critical operations such as material digging and transportation. However, during component overhauls, particularly for the boom cylinder, bucket, and arm, significant challenges arise due to the absence of suitable tools for efficiently removing and installing hydraulic cylinder pistons. The current reliance on generic tools such as screw wrench sets (L-keys) is suboptimal, leading to inefficiencies, increased risks of workplace accidents due to tool slippage, and longer processing times. This study addresses these limitations by employing the Seven Up++ method to develop a specialized service tool specifically designed for hydraulic cylinder piston maintenance. The methodology encompasses three critical phases: Analysis, Solution, and Results, ensuring a systematic and innovation-focused approach. The developed tool securely positions itself on the piston cylinder, utilizing two pins inserted into pre-existing holes on the piston surface. The results demonstrate significant improvements: maintenance processing time is reduced by up to 70%, operational safety is enhanced due to the tool's secure attachment, and labor requirements are halved, with manpower reduced from two operators to one. These findings highlight the tool's potential to optimize maintenance operations and improve overall efficiency in the use of Komatsu PC210-10M0 excavators

Oxide Inclusions Removal on Microstructure Properties of As-Cast Cobalt-Based Alloys

A cobalt-based metal alloying process was conducted with the addition of the non-metallic element boron (B) using vacuum arc remelting (VAR). The process employed a water-cooled copper mold within an argon atmosphere. This research aimed to investigate the resulting microstructure and surface hardness values of the alloy. The metal melting rate during the VAR process was carefully controlled to achieve the desired microstructure and minimize defects, ensuring the production of high-quality alloys post-solidification. The process effectively facilitated the removal of oxide inclusions through flotation during remelting. The resulting alloy exhibited a dendritic microstructure characterized by large grain sizes. The average hardness value obtained for the alloy was 27.53 HRC

The Influence of Nozzle Injection Pressure on Seawater Evaporation Inside an Evaporator Tube

Indonesia, the largest archipelagic country in the world, possesses a vast marine area. Despite being surrounded by the sea, many coastal communities in Indonesia lack access to clean water. Seawater distillation presents a viable solution to this scarcity. This process involves separating salt from seawater to produce fresh water. This study aims to analyze the effect of nozzle spray pressure on the evaporation process of seawater to optimize fresh water production. Experiments were conducted using a fogging nozzle with a diameter of 0.3 mm, varying the nozzle pressure at 40 psi, 70 psi, and 100 psi. The data were statistically analyzed to determine the impact of nozzle pressure on seawater evaporation. The results indicate that the highest evaporation occurred at a nozzle pressure of 40 psi, yielding 10 g of condensed seawater, whereas the lowest evaporation was observed at 100 psi, producing 4 g

Experimental Analysis of Climate Parameters Effect on Structural Steel Atmospheric Corrosion Rate in Medan City Environment

This study aims to explore the important role of weather parameters i.e. humidity, rainfall, temperature, and wind speed on the corrosion rate in the Medan City atmospheric environment. Three forms of material with low carbon steel type were prepared in this investigation. The exploration process was conducted for six months starting from June to December 2023, in the open area of the Engineering Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara. Corrosion rate assessment is carried out monthly using the weight loss method and climate parameter data is obtained from the Medan City Meteorology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG). The dimensions, initial preparation, data collection, post-test material preparation, and corrosion rate calculations refer to the ASTM G1 and G50 standards. Regression analysis and Pearson correlation explain the relationship between corrosion rate and climate parameters. The investigation showed that the corrosion rate fluctuated monthly from 0.1 to 0.5 mpy. By referring to corrosion resistance data on metal materials, it was found that the corrosion level was in the good resistance category "outstanding". Based on the regression analysis results, humidity, local temperature, and rainfall play an important role in the atmospheric corrosion rate in Medan City. The percentage of closeness between variables is ± 98% and the standard deviation is ± 0.0001. Further development is needed to determine other parameters that also play an important role in atmospheric corrosion rate and forming a random forest model for predicting future corrosion rates

Optimisation of Air-water Harvester Machine Performance With Variations of Inlet Air Flow Velocities

In the dry season, some parts of Indonesia experience drought and clean water crisis which results in scarcity and difficulty in drinking water. One way to overcome this problem is to present a water-producing device from air called a water harvester machine. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the inlet air velocity of 4 m/s, 5 m/s, and 6 m/s on the mass of water produced and the rate of heat transfer. This study was conducted experimentally with R134a refrigerant working fluid, and a 1 PK rotary compressor and centrifugal fan. The results showed that the highest water mass, which was 5.99 kg, was obtained at an air velocity of 6 m/s. The highest heat transfer rate, which was 2080.2 W, was also obtained at a speed of 6 m/s. This can be caused by the high inlet air velocity, the inlet air mass flow rate is also high so that the water vapor content that enters is greater. As a result, the mass of water produced is greater and the rate of heat transfer that occurs is also greater

The Effect of Sandblasting and Airless Spray Coating Mismatches on The Life of A Steel Building

The quality of construction is paramount in ensuring the longevity of steel buildings. A primary cause of reduced lifespan in steel structures is the development of corrosion. To mitigate high corrosion rates, careful consideration must be given to the steel fabrication process, particularly coating. This study employs Fishbone, 4M+1E, and 5W+1H cause-and-effect analysis methods to examine the impact of the coating process on the lifespan of steel building structures. By identifying the root causes of various problem factors, the study offers recommendations and proper implementations to address these issues. Discrepancies in the coating process were identified, and several recommendations were proposed based on the root cause analysis. The findings aim to ensure the estimated lifespan of the steel piperack building structure by preventing premature corrosion. The results indicate that coating defects predominantly stem from human factors, and several repair recommendations are provided based on these findings

Design and Manufacture of Automatic Collet Clamping Systems for Sprocket-CAM Handling on CNC Lathes

A proper clamping system reduces clamping time, enhances process repeatability, and increases flexibility in product replacement, significantly improving a company's competitiveness in terms of time and cost. The chamfering process for the KN-00XX series sprocket-cam product at PT. Toshin Prima Fine Blanking faced challenges due to the absence of a clamping device capable of quickly, securely, and automatically accommodating the contour clamping process while ensuring a long service life. To address this, optimizing existing spare parts, such as collets and pneumatic mechanisms, was essential to minimize manufacturing costs. This research aimed to design and evaluate a chuck tool that reduces product installation time and optimizes component stock to lower manufacturing costs. The study applied the VDI 2221-QFD method, where VDI 2221 identified functional requirements and user needs, while QFD assessed these needs and prioritized them for cost-effective design. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used to evaluate the design's strength and performance. The resulting pneumatic collet clamping design showed an actual von Mises stress value of 1,044,029 kN/m², safely below the maximum allowable value of 1,080,000 kN/m². FEA analysis indicated a collet displacement of 0.37 mm, close to the actual measured value of 0.42 mm, meeting clamping requirements. The estimated manufacturing cost of the pneumatic collet clamping system was Rp. 1,472,769. Actual trials demonstrated an average cycle time of 9.8 seconds, confirming that the pneumatic collet clamping design is safe, efficient, and fulfills specified requirements